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The completed portion of Charles Babbage's Difference Engine, 1832. This advanced calculator was intended to produce logarithm tables used in navigation. The value of numbers was represented by the positions of the toothed wheels marked with decimal numbers. -
Concerned that the 1890 U.S. census would take even longer to tabulate than the 1880 census, which had taken eight years, Herman Hollerith invented an electrical machine in 1881 that read, counted, and sorted data from punched cards. This invention significantly streamlined the process for the U.S. Census Bureau. -
In 1959, Grace Hopper participated in the CODASYL consortium, helping to create a machine-independent programming language called COBOL, which was based on English words. Hopper promoted the use of the language throughout the 60s. -
Apple was co-founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976. The company initially aimed to market the Apple I, a personal computer designed and hand-built by Wozniak. Unlike other computers of the time, the Apple I was sold as a fully assembled circuit board, which was revolutionary for its era. The Apple II, launched in 1977, became the first widely successful mass-produced microcomputer, featuring color graphics and expansion slots.
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