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Commandant General Ugalde defeats the Apaches at Sabinal Canyon. Commandant Jaun de Ugalde and his troops and Indian auxiliaries inflicted on over 300 Lipans, Lipiyans, and Mescaleros. (69)
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Secularization of Texas missions begins with San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo). (69) -
La Bahia missions exempted from secularization. (69)
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First Permanent bridge across the Rio Grande In operation at Paso del Norte; Rosa Maria Hinojosa de Balli controls ranching empire of 1 million acres. (69, 98) -
In 1800, Napo. forced Spain to cede Louisiana as part of his plan to resurrect a French empire in North America. when his plan fell through, he sold the territory to the United States in 1803. (101,102)
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In 1806, A neutral ground agreement between Col. Herrera Gen. Wilkinson averts war between Spain United States over Texas; Town of Santisima Trinidad de Salcedo founded. (107,108) -
The morning bells of his church signaled to townspeople nearby peasants something was wrong. Hidalgo stepped out on the fronts steps of his church and made an impassioned speech to the gathering crowd. It's said he ended it with hid famous Grito (cry): "Long live Religion! Blessed Mother Guadalupe! Long live Ferdinand VII death to bad government!" (117) -
The reports were not rumors. Mexican insurgents had fled to the United States at the time of Hidalgo's debacle were attempting to enlist U.S. support for their cause. In the aftermath of the royalist capture execution of Hidalgo on March 21, 1811. (119) -
Gutierrez-Magee expedition begins invasion of Texas. (102) -
The plan of Iguala, signed by the two men on February 24, 1821, consisted of three important clauses: (1) the continued special status of the Catholic church in Mexican society, (2) the independence of Mexico as a constitutional monarchy, (3) equality between peninsulares and criollos. (129)