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The period of Dark Ages in Europe.
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The first dark age Arabic Alchemists tried to turn lead into gold, therefore create new elements.
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Alchemists who tried to turn lead into gold were wrong. They were not able to create new elements, only new colours and pigments.
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Many Reannaissance artists were inspired by the new colours that the Alchemists created as a result of trying to turn lead into gold. The most famous painter who used these new colours was Giussepe Archimboldo.
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The Rennaissance and Humanism ensured the creation of many new elements. Also, it was the reason for the end of dark ages in Europe.
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In this time, many new discoveries in Chemistry will be made.
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The First twenty elements were discovered. They are shown below:
Hydrogen, helium, lithium, berrylium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicone, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, argon, pottassium, calcium. -
Scientists realize that nucleae of atoms changes as a result of nuclear reaction
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J.J. Thompson came up with the Atomic strucutre theory. He called it "Plum Pudding", because he thought it was just a mashup of positively charged matter and negatively charged electrons.
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Niels Bohr, a Danish scientist organized the electrons into shells, now known as orbitals. Also, his atomic model is used until today.
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Earnest Rutherford performed his famous experiment in which he shot Alpha particles through a thin layer of gold foil. He found out that Atom has a nucleus where most of the mass is situated and is positively charged. He also found that nearly all of the atom was empty space.
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The World War II period.
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The bombing of Japan in 1945 using nuclear bombs has caused many reactions in the area. In fact, many post uranium elements known today were discovered on the sites of the bombings. (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
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The Cold War Period.
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Before the year 1955, scientists created the post- uranium elements 94-101, using only nuclear reactions.
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During the Cold War, USA and Russia raced to create new elements. Then they each named them after their scientists. This resulted in many future naming misunderstandings.
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In the full blow of the Cold War, which was bassically only a series of tension and threats from the World´s nuclear powers, USA and Russia, they were both racing to find new elements. In this era, many post Uranium elements such as Rentgenium, were created.
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Germany uses heavy ion accelerator to create elements 107-110. It took 10 years to make their last element!
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After years of struggle, all elements were finally named by the UIPAC (The international union of pure and applied chemisrty).These names are used until today.
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Russian scientists predict that an atom with 114 protons and 184 neutrons would be stable. This is because many post uranium elements last for only a few seconds. They have recently created an isotope of Element 114 containing 175 neutrons and it lasted for 20 seconds!
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Ununoctium, or the last discovered element, was discovered in 2006 by A research institute in Dubna, Russia.
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The dark ages in which many scientific discoveries will be made, begin.
