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Modernization, influence from Western cartooning and child’s books; satirical magazines start; manga emerges as separate medium in newspapers and
magazines. -
Experimentations of early genre like robot / sci‑fi proto‑manga, political content/ censorship. Some foundational stories in shorter forms.
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Cinematic techniques, character driven narratives, serialization, mass popularization. Establishment of distinct genres (shōnen, shōjo). More magazines and increased readership. For example Astro boy created by Osamu Tezuka
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Artists challenging conventions of experimental storytelling, blending genres, new aesthetics; underground and alternative magazines become its breeding ground. Movements like New Wave
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Manga becomes huge domestic industry; distinct demographics solidified (shōjo, shōnen, seinen, josei). Many major hits. Also manga anime exports begin serious influence abroad. Stylistic refinements, commercialism balanced with artistic risk.
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Web manga, digital platforms, scanlations, apps; globalization, cross‑cultural influence; styles diversify more with indie creators; genres expanding further; improving recognition as art internationally.