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Period in europe where new style of painting, architecture, sculpture was developed.Early renaissance:It was iniciated in Florence. It was a cultural movement in the middle class, wasn't supported by nobles. Renaissance:Some parts went back to Gothic style. Sculpture represented from new angles, more movement. High renaissance:15th century art styles combined to form a new one. Artists made balanced,harmonious,realistic art. Late renaissance:Short because "style was perfect and couldn't improve"
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Brunelleschi, a brilliant and important Italian architect in the Renaissance, built the dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria di Fiore. It is the largest brick dome in history. He invented specific machines and techniques to build it. He reduced the use of wood and cared about the safety of constructors. He designed the lantern, but died before doing it. Later, it was decorated with "the last judgement". His proyect was finished in just 16 years. What he did was seen as imposible in that age. -
It is a renaissance sculpture made by Michelangelo, an italian painter and sculptor, that shows the Virgin Mary holding Jesus after the crucifixion. It is located in St. Peter's Basilica. It was made for the funeral of a Cardinal. It shows the renaissance's ideals of beauty, combined with naturalism and a religious scene -
It is a fresco (painting) of the renaissance made by Raphael Sanzio. It symbolizes the search of religion, science and philosophy to find the truth. It represents the greatest thinkers of ancient greece. Platon and Aristoteles are in the middle, and the rest: Pythagoras, Socrates, him, and more thinkers. The painting was inspired from St. Peter's Basilica. -
Carlos I is the son of Juana la loca and Felipe el hermoso.In 1519, he inherited the Netherland, Belgium and more,and the posibility to be emperor of the holly roman empire. He was raised by his father in Belgium, so he didn't know any Spanish and chose councelors from his country. This generated revolts in Castilla and Aragon. Finally, he listened to the people and learned spanish, chose spanish councellors. He was the creator of the imperial idea, which failed.His end was the peace of Ausburg.
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Revellion against Carlos I in Castilla. Most social classes demanded a change on his policies, so they created an army to grant: That he lived in spain and learnt spanish, spanish councelors, and freedom for Juana la loca. The monarchy's strategy was to make an aliance with the nobles to defeat the comuneros. Finally, they were defeated in 1521. Carlos I made a change, he started living in spain and had spanish councelors, he married a portuguese princess and he was finally loved by the spanish.
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Treaty that wanted to solve religious conflicts with the Holy Roman Empire. It allowed each king to choose the religion of their own territories, either Lutheranism, Catholicism, Calvinism... This significant agreement marked a turning point in the Reformation, as it recognized the difference between Protestant and Catholic states, and brought stability to the region. -
Felipe II is the son of Carlos I and princess Isabela of portugal. In 1556, he inherited the kingdom of Spain, and more territories. He controlled everything from Madrid. Was a strong defender of the catholic counter reformation.Had to face different conflicts: the eighty year's war, the defeat of the spanish armada invencible, the battle of Lepanto... He was seen as a controlling king, but he believed it was his duty to protect his religion. He died in 1598, where spain was still very important
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It was a revolt of the Moriscos (muslims forced to convert to catholithism). It started when the king banned arab customs, food, clothes... This started a revolt among Moriscos, led by Aben Humeya. It led to a lot of deaths in both sides, a masacre. Aben Humeya was killed by their own people, and his cousin, Aben Aboon took over. Felipe II sent his half brother to fight, and he finally defeated them in 1571. This led to the expulsion of the moriscos, and the countrie's economy much worse.
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Conflict between Spain (Felipe II) and the united provinces(William of Orange). It was originated because they wanted to independise from Spain, because they wanted to be protestants, they had very high taxes. This conflict claimed thousands of lives, including William's; so, the twelve years' truce was established. Finally, the netherlands claimed independence. It was the begining of the end of the Spanish empire. At the same time, the French wars of religion and the thirty years' war happened
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The north provinces (nowadays dutch republic) wanted to independise from the Spanish Empire, and they believed in protestantism. So, in response of the signment of Arras, they created the signment of Utrecht, which rejected any controll from other countries and granted the north provinces as an independent state. -
A new governor called Alejandro Farnesio became king in the South Provinces (nowadays Netherlands). He was the king who signed the union of Arrás, an agreement that granted the king soverginity (recognised him as the most powerful authority), and unified more the south provinces with the king of Spain, Felipe II, because those territories belongued to Spain -
King Felipe II sent an army of ships to conquer england and convert it to catholithism. Also, there had been some problems with England and Spain before. When the spanish ships arrived, England destroyed them with other tecniques like shooting from the distance, ships were smaller.They destroyed 5 Spanish ships, and wounded 2.000 people. So, they went to the north to escape, where a huge storm destroyed even more ships. Finally, they arrived with half less ships.Spain lost money and time. -
Main art style of the 17th century, originated in Rome. Spread through Europe. Linked to catholic counter-reformation. It was first used as religious propaganda,to spread faith. The style is known for the dramatism, realism, movement. Barroque was very diverse, with naturalism paints, classicism.
Some of the most ifluential painters were: Annibale Carracci and Caravaggio (broke mannerism), Gian Lorenzo Bernini. In spain, most influential were: Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo -
A barroque sculpture that represents the moment in greek mitology, in which the nymph Daphne transforms into a laurel tree, and the god Apollo holds her because he was in love. It was made by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, an italian artist. The construction began in 1622, but it was paused to do his scupture of David. He was helped by his asistant to do some details. When the sculpture is seen with different points of view, it looks different, like Daphne is ignoring Apollo. It is in display in Rome -
A barroque naturalist painting painted by Velazquez, that shows one of his mithological works. Also called the Fable of Arachne. The painting is based in the myth of Athena and Arachne, in which Arachne (a mortal) and the godess Athena get into a weaving competition. Athena ends up amazed and furious by Arachne's skills, so she struck Arachne and transformed her into a spider. Velazquez represents it by putting, in the front of the painting two women weaving, and in the back, the greek myth -
An open space in Saint Peter's Basilica, made by the artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini under the order of the pope Alexander VII. It was started in 1567, and took 11 years. It is oval shaped, and has semicircular colonnades. It consists on 284 columns in four rows. It was designed so they look like open arms. There are also many religious symbols and references. It is a symbol of Faith, arts, architecture and it is an icon of Saint Peter's Basilica. -
Main art style of the 18th century. Spread through europe. It was inspired by ancient greece and rome. New archaeological discoveries (Pompeii) encourraged it. Focused on balance, harmony, beauty, proportion, as a reaction of the barroque and rococo styles. Emotions and gestures were given a lot of importance.
Some important artists are: Jacques-Louis david, Jean-auguste-Dominique Ingres, Antonio Canova. Most important spanish artists are: José de Madrazo y agudo, Juan de villanueva. -
A neoclassical painting, painted by Jaques-Louis David, a French artist, who often used art as propaganda. It represents a story told in ancient rome in which three brothers from the Horatii family have to fight three brothers from the Curiatii family in order to end a war between Rome and Alba Longa. The conflict was tragic, because the families were related.In the painting, the painter represents the moment in which the brothers swear loyalty to their father, and also to defend the country. -
Painting made by Francisco de Goya, who became the oficial painter of the royal family a year before this painting. It represents the Family of Carlos IV like a united and strong family. All the family is dressed very elegantly, with lots of jewels and riches. Goya is also in the painting, hidden behind the king Carlos IV. He tried to imitate Velazquez's style in Las Meninas.