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Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont, urging Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and aid the Byzantine Empire against Muslim forces.
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The First Crusade takes place, resulting in the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders in 1099.
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The Second Crusade is launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa, but it ends in failure.
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The Third Crusade, led by figures like Richard the Lionheart, aims to retake Jerusalem but results in a truce with Saladin.
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The Fourth Crusade deviates from its original goal and ends with the sack of Constantinople