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Uncle Tom's Cabin was an antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It provides insight and a perspective on what the horrible conditions of slaves might be. This personalizes the problem for many and brings more attention to the issues of slavery. This angers the South as they feel like it's a miss representation of what happens, validates the North and their beliefs it needs to be put down, and draws sympathy from Europe for the poor conditions they have to experience.
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After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, since the Missouri Compromise was repealed, people began rushing to Kansas in order to get it to be a slave or free state. This led to an incredible amount of conflict within Kansas, which led to the downfall of the Whig Party and the rising of the Republican Party.
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Why was it founded?
It was founded to prevent the expansion of slavery into the West. The reason for this was because they disliked the idea of white farmers competing with slave labor. They also supported low taxes and more conservative policies. -
It created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, and repealed the Missouri Compromise, declaring it unconstitutional, and introducing popular sovereignty, allowing the people to decide whether or not slavery is allowed. This led to Bleeding Kansas.
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This was a speech that Lincoln gave, in it he states that if slavery remains, it will cause for America to implode on itself, it's impossible for half of America to be pro-slavery, and the other half to remain anti-slavery. This is why he claims that a "house divided between itself cannot stand" using the house to represent America. He is claiming that slavery is not something that can be compromised for, you either do or don't accept freedom for all.
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This was when Sumner was assaulted by Brooks, both of which are senators, this happened on the congress floor, they got into a physical fight, which left Sumner extremely injured. This showed the division between the North and the South and the potential violence to come, with some cheering what happened, others being shocked or disgusted, and those trying to help being stopped. He was seen as a martyr for the North, and a victim to the violent South.
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Democratic James Buchanan won against John Fremont, Buchanan had majority of the states in the far south and just the south in general, while Fermont won most of the more northern states. There was a third party known as the Know-Nothing party, with Millard Fillmore as the candidate, which was primarily anti immigrant and only won Maryland.
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This was a pro-slavery constitution that was drafted for Kansas, it was rejected and Kansas was later on admitted as a free state.
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Scott v. Sanford (10 points)
Dred Scott was an African American slave who brought up the question of if an African American has the same rights as a white man, and if the Missouri compromise of 1820 being constitutional or not.
The conclusion was that he had no rights since he was property, and that the Compromise was unconstitutional as it denies the right to property, and led to more debate over the acceptance of slavery or not. -
There were 7 debates in Illinois between Lincoln and Douglass –Republican and Democrat– on the issues of slavery and its expansion. They were running for the senate seat. Douglass passed a bill that repealed the Missouri Compromise and led to popular sovereignty, the idea that the people should decide on whether or not slavery is allowed in their state.
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This was John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, which was a raid on a federal armory in an attempt to rebel against slavery, free the slaves, and put down the institution. 17 people died in the raid.
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John Brown was executed after his attempt to invoke a rebellion in Harpers Ferry. After being captured, he was put on trial and later executed in an attempt to scare people away from abolition, but instead solidified him as a martyr.
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This is when the Southern states, or at least majority of them, including Mississippi, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana. They decided to leave the union and form the Confederate States of America after Abraham Lincoln was elected president out of fear of him taking slavery away.
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There were 4 parties, Republican(Lincoln), Southern Democratic(Breckinridge), Constitutional Union(Bell), and Northern Democratic(Douglas), all with different beliefs and ideals, with Lincoln winning the popular vote and electoral votes. Lincoln won all of the northerner or free states, while Breckinridge won all the states in the deep south, which are all states that ended up seceding from the union.
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His main goal in this was to prevent a civil war between the South and the North. He hoped to do so by calming the fears of the South and explaining his stance on slavery. He stated that if they were to secede, it would go against the constitution, and in the even that the South does secede, he made it clear that the Union would defend itself if necessary.