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The American School for the Deaf opened in Hartford, Connecticut, becoming the first permanent school for students who were deaf in the United States. Founded by Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc, the school laid the foundation for special education services nationwide and continues to operate today.
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Perkins School for the Blind was founded in Massachusetts to educate students with visual impairments. It became a model institution for specialized instruction and remains an influential organization in special education.
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This Supreme Court decision ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional. Although focused on racial segregation, the case continues to influence special education by supporting inclusion and equal educational access.
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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act increased federal funding for public education and emphasized equal access for all students. It remains the foundation of federal education policy today.
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federally funded programs. It continues to require accommodations and supports inclusion in general education settings.
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This landmark law guaranteed a free appropriate public education for students with disabilities. It introduced IEPs and the least restrictive environment, shaping modern special education law.
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IDEA strengthened special education law by emphasizing individualized education programs and parent involvement. It continues to guide inclusive educational practices.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act expanded civil rights protections for individuals with disabilities. It remains a cornerstone of accessibility and inclusion in education and society.
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No Child Left Behind required schools to include students with disabilities in accountability systems. It increased expectations for academic achievement until it was replaced in 2015.
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ESSA replaced No Child Left Behind and maintains protections for students with disabilities. It provides flexibility to states while upholding accountability and inclusion requirements.