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Mexico's Independence Day is celebrated on September 16, marking the start of a long war with the 1810 "Cry of Dolores" speech by Father Miguel Hidalgo. The celebrations actually begin the night before, with a reenactment of the cry by the President of Mexico on the evening of September 15. The country's fight for independence lasted for 11 years, ending in 1821, long after the initial cry that is commemorated annually.
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Catholicism was the state religion, and the Church was supported by the state. The president and vice president were elected for four-year terms by legislative bodies of the states. The president's power was limited. Congress had two houses, which met every year from January 1 through April 15.