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Luther nails his theses to the Wittenberg church door, challenging the sale of indulgences.
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Luther defends his ideas before church authorities.
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Symbolic rejection of papal authority.
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Luther refuses to recant before Emperor Charles V.
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Luther is declared an outlaw and a heretic.
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First full translation of the New Testament into German.
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Pope Leo X issues Exsurge Domine, threatening excommunication if Luther does not recant.