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We believe diseases were caused by evil spirits.
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Tribal doctors performed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits, when trying to heal injured or sick patients.
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Digitalis:
- digitalis comes from the foxglove plant. Today we are sometimes treated with this in pill form, intravenously, or by injection.
Quinine:
- quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree and controls fevers, relives muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria.
Belladonna and atropine:
- these medicines are made from the poisonous nightshade plant and relieve muscle spasms.
Morphine:
- is made from the opium poppy and is an effective medication for treating severe pain. -
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- The Egyptians were the first people to keep accurate health records.
- The priests were the physicians, and used their faith to help heal their patients.
- The Egyptians used medicines to heal diseases, they learned how to splint broken bones, and used leeches to treat blood disorders.
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They were the first to use acupuncture therapies to heal the body.
- The Chinese medical pioneers used this method to treat a variety of illnesses and diseases. -
Their medicine was considered more of an art than a profession.
- Were the first people to come up with the idea that diseases were caused naturally instead of spiritually.
- For religious reasons, the Greeks did not allow bodies to be dissected.
- Hippocrates based his knowledge of the body and physiology on his observations of the body externally. -
- The Romans invented a waterway system to keep their medicine sanitary.
- They were the first to organize their medical care and patients.
- The Roman physicians kept a specific room in their house for ill patients. This was the beginning of hospitals.
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The monks and priests stopped practicing medicine because they believed life and death was in God’s hands and had no interest in how the body functioned.
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They used herbal mixtures, and care was custodial. They often used prayer as medicine for the sick.
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Epidemics caused millions of deaths during the Middle Age. Some of the pandemics included
- the Bubonic plague (the Black Death)
- smallpox
- diphtheria
-syphilis
-turberculosis -
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- In this time period construction for universities and medical schools began.
- In the schools they began to accept dissections of the body for study.
- In this time the printing press was invented and medical books were being published.
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da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
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He discovered Filipina tubes of the female anatomy.
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Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat.
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Used his knowledge to understand the physiology and was able to describe blood circulation.
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Invented the microscope and established that there is life smaller than the eye can see.
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Apothecaries or early pharmacies started in this time.
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Benjamin Franklin’s inventions affect us vastly. His invention of the bifocals, and his discovery that colds could be passed between people are very important.
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