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It was caused by a power struggle between the Scottish crown and the rulers of Moray. Their invasion of Scotland was an attempt to over thrown King David I.
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In the event. The battle was won by the RAF fighter command, whose victory not only blocked the possibility of invasion but also created the conditions for Great Britain’s survival, for the extension of the war, eventually they finally defeat of Nazi Germany.
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The japan launched a surprise attacked on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii with waves of bombers, torpedo planes. Americans and severely damaged the Pacific Fleet, leading President Franklin D. Roosevelt to ask congresses for a declaration of war.
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Japan's attempt to lure the U.S. Pacific Fleet into a decisive battle and destroy it, using Midway Atoll as bait. By capturing Midway, Japan also aimed to create a defensive perimeter in the Pacific, eliminate a forward refueling station for U.S. submarines, and potentially force the United States into a negotiated peace.
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Battle of Iwo Jima include the initial U.S. invasion on February 19, 1945, the capture of Mount Suribachi on February 23, it was famous when they trying to raise the flag, and the final securing of the island on March 26, 1945
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it served as a bloody rehearsal for the invasion of Japan, a major strategic victory for the Allies. Intense fighting and high casualties for both sides. Particularly the Japanese, foreshadowed what a full scale invasion.