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It was a series of diplomatic meetings to reorganize Europe after Napoleon's downfall. -
He was king of France for 348 days -
Napoleon was defeated in this battle by the duke of Wellington. -
It was a conflict between the Greek revolutionaries and the Ottoman Empire -
He was crowned after Luis XVIII, and he was the king for around 5 years -
He was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, the penultimate monarch of France, and the last French monarch to bear the title "King". -
Belgium separated from the the Northern Netherlands. A provisional government declared independence on October 4th, 1830.
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It was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories -
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year -
It was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852. -
He assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century -
It was the period in France under the rule of Emperor Napoleon III
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The Pregressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II
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He was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death -
They resulted in the victory of the allied French army under Napoleon III and the Piedmont-Sardinian army under Victor Emmanuel II -
The annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies completed the first phase of Italian unification -
It was the second military conflict over the Schleswig–Holstein question of the nineteenth century -
It was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia -
It was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. -
Russian troops fire on peaceful protesters in St. Petersburg. The massacre sparks the 1905 Revolution. -
Sailors revolt against brutal conditions aboard the Potemkin. The mutiny becomes a powerful symbol of revolutionary resistance. -
The Tsar promises civil liberties and creates the Duma. These aim to calm revolutionary strikes. -
The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne is assassinated in Sarajevo. This event is a direct cause of the WW1. -
Austria-Hungary answers to the assassination by declaring war on Serbia. The alliance systems turn the conflict into a global war. -
Germany enters the war against Russia to support Austria-Hungary. The war starts in the eastern front. -
Nicholas II abdicates the throne under pressure.
This ends over 300 years of Romanov rule. -
Strikes and mutinies erupt in Petrograd over food shortages.
The unrest rapidly spreads throughout the capital. -
Lenin arrives to Petrograd with German assistance.
He promotes the slogan “Peace, Land, Bread.” -
The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government. This marks the success of the October Revolution. -
The new government is formally approved by the Soviets. Bolsheviks consolidate political control. -
The Bolshevik government negotiates peace with Germany. Russia exits World War I. -
A brutal, multi-front conflict pitting the Bolshevik Red Army against diverse anti-communist forces. -
Russia formally leaves World War I. The treaty costs Russia significant territory. -
The revolt of the Czech Legion sparks a civil war.
Anti-Bolshevik forces gain momentum. -
The imperial family and retinue were executed by firing squad by order of the Ural Regional Soviet. -
World War I officially ends in Europe.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is later cancelled. -
The Bolsheviks allow limited private enterprise.
The NEP helps stabilize the war-ravaged economy. -
The Soviet Union is officially established. Bolshevik control is consolidated across republics. -
Lenin’s death triggers a power struggle.
Stalin and Trotsky compete for leadership.