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Chisholm V. Georgia
This event was considered the first U.S supreme court case of impact as it led to the 11th amendment. In South Carolina, Alexander Chisholm, who was also executor of Robert Farquhar. He attempted to sue the state of Georgia over payments for goods that Farquhar supplied Georgia during the war. The defendant, who was Georgia, was not present, because they claimed that as a sovereign state, it can't be sued without granting its consent. -
11th Amendment
The 11th amendment was the first amendment after the bill of rights. The idea of state sovereign is reaffirmed in this amendment. -
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The election of 1800
Before the 12th amendment became a thing, the election of 1800 took place. At the time, there was a flaw in the constitution about voting. It said that candidates for president and vice president ran on the same ballot, which resulted in running mates possibly running against each other. This led to the 12th amendment. -
12th amendment
The 12th amendment makes it so that instead of casting two votes for president, every elector have to pick a president and a vice president on their ballot. It ensures that the president will be paired with his running mate after the election. -
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Women's suffrage movement
The Women's suffrage movement was a movement that took activists nearly 100 years to win the equal rights for women. There was many disagreements and setbacks that repeatedly would happen. This led to women being able to vote and the 19th amendment. -
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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by president Lincoln. It declared freedom for slaves in the confederate states in rebellion against the union. This included ten states such as: Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Virginia, Kentucky, and Louisiana, saving over 3 million slaves. This led to the 13th amendment. -
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National Convention of Colored Men of America
The national convention of colored men was a series of national, or regional, or state conventions that happened irregularly after the american civil war. It included both free men and fugitive African Americans. It also included politicians, writers, businessmen, religious leaders, and more. The purpose of these conventions was to bring everyone together to end slavery and fight for African American human rights. This led to the 14th amendment. -
13th amendment
The 13th amendment is the most important laws that govern the U.S and that is abolishing slavery. -
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Joint Committee of Reconstruction
The Joint Committee of Reconstruction of the 39th U.S Congress. It played a huge role in reconstruction during the american civil war. The committee finally decided to combine many different issues into one single amendment. This led to the 15th amendment. -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S including former slaves. -
15th amendment
The 15th amendment protects the right of Americans to vote. They cannot deny you the right to vote because of color, race, etc. -
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Anti-Saloon League
The Anti-Saloon League was organization that lobbied for alcohol prohibition in the U.S. They published fliers, articles, magazines, cartoons, to get the word out. This leads to the 18th amendment. -
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The Pollock V. Farmers Loan & Trust Co
The Pollock V. Farmers Loan & Trust Co was an important supreme court case that dealt with the first establishment of an income tax in the U.S. That proceeded to lead to the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894. The Gorman Tariff was for a 5 year period, were any gains or profits and incomes in excess would e taxed at 2%. This led to the 16th amendment. -
16th amendment
The 16th amendment allows the federal government of the U.S to collect an income tax from all Americans. -
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Senate elections 1910
Before the 17th amendment was passed, the senates were chosen by legislature. The amendment was passed to rid of all political corruption. This led to the 17th amendment. -
17th amendment
The 17th amendment allows the people in each state to elect their two U.S senators by popular vote. -
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Opposition
Many people were opposed of the 18th amendment that prohibited alcohol. It was prohibited because religious leaders thought it was a threat to the nation. Down the road, working class men were the main to oppose this. Eventually, they repealed the prohibition which was the 21st amendment. -
18th amendment
The 18th amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors. -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. -
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Lame-duck session
A lame duck session is when congress is in session after it's successor is elected, but before the successor's term begins. Before the 20th amendment, congressional elections were held in November, but congress resumed on the first Monday in December and a new one would begin on March 4th. It was considered a lame duck session because the session's length didn't allow congress to focus enough on meaningful financial and business matters.This led to the 20th amendment. -
20th amendment
The 20th amendment moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from march 4 to January 20, and of members of congress from march 4 to January 3. -
21st amendment
The 21st amendment officially repealed federal alcohol prohibition, which was enacted through 18th amendment. -
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Policy
This policy was an white-only participation in primaries adopted by the democratic party. These actions hurt African Americans in their right to vote but somehow this deemed to be legal. Soon after it led to the 24th amendment. -
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World War 2
Many arguments were thrown around. One in particular was that these people were old enough to be drafted for military service but denied the right to vote. Very good point and eventually led to the 26th amendment. -
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FDR
After Roosevelt died, many people opposed the amount of time he served. They thought two terms(8 years) was long enough. After that the 22nd amendment was passed. -
22nd amendment
The 22nd amendment prohibits anyone who has been president twice already to run and or become president again. -
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Growing population of Washington D.C
Since DC is not a state, the residents weren't allowed to vote for president or electing voting representative to congress. There was a huge economic and population growth going on in DC. This led to the 23rd amendment -
23rd amendment
The 23rd amendment extends the right to vote in presidential elections to citizens residing in the District of Columbia. -
24th amendment
The 24th amendment outlawed the poll taxes as a voting requirement in federal elections. -
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Assassination of JFK
When JFK got assassinated, they knew they needed someone to fill the spot. The national tragedy provides the procedures for replacing a president after a unexpected death. This led to the 25th amendment. -
25th amendment
The 25th amendment clarifies that the vice president becomes president if the president dies, removed from office, or resigns. -
26th amendment
The 26th amendment prohibits the states and government from using age a a reason to deny someone's right to vote as long as they're 18 years old. -
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Congress voting pay raise
When congress occasionally voted itself pay raise, many states got angry. This didn't seem fair to many as they could raise their own pay not necessarily whenever but they shouldn't in the first place. This led to the 27th amendment. -
27th amendment
The 27th amendment basically says that congress cannot give themselves raises. They can vote on a raise that will take effect during the next session of congress.
