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Four-hundred English settlers arrived and established Jamestown, which was to be one of the most disastrous colonization efforts because of the loss of life and property. By the end of winter, only sixty colonists remained alive
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This was the first permanent European settlement in the Southwest and was established by the Spanish.
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The marriage of the Powhatan princess Pocahontas to the English Settler John Rolfe helped to smoothe ties between the Powhatan Indians and the English Settlers.
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The growth and sale of tobacco, already popular in England, allowed the English colonists to grow economically and make thier venture in the New World worthwhile.
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Threatened by the land-hungry English settlers continual encroachment into thier land, Opechancanough launched an attack on the English settlement killing over 350 settlers. This gave the English settlers and excuse to begin driving the Native Americans off their land.
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The first slaves were brought over by the Dutch to rectifiy thier labor shortage. These first slaves assisted in the construction of New Amsterdam, which is modern-day New York.
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Facing growing persecution for thier attempts to "purify" the English church, the Puritans began to migrate to the New World. About twenty thousand people migrated during this period.
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The Puritan settlers began to encroach on Indian territory and drove the Pequot Indians off of thier land. During this land takeover, around 1,500 Indians were killed. This act created security and stability for the English settlers but was not so beneficial for the Native Americans.
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Despite thier policy of religious tolerance, the Dutch colony of New Netherlands remained small, which gave the English the opportunity to conquer it. The colony was renamed New York after the Duke of York.
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A group of Doeg Indians visited English settler Thomas Matthew to collect a debt he owed them. When he refused to pay, they took some of his pigs to fulfill his obligation. This sparked a series of retaliation, which lead to full-on war. Unsatisfied with the legitimate authorities handling of the situation, Nathan Bacon led a group of revolutionaries to stamp out the Indian attacks. The war ended with his execution in 1677.
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John Sassmon was discovered dead under the ice and three Indian warriors under Metacom, otherwise known as King Philip to the English settlers, were executed for his murder. This instigated a retaliation and in the ensuing war the power of the Natives in that region was crippled and the English remained masters of the territory.
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The Spanish sought to control the Indians by doing away with native religion and strictly enforcing Catholicism. The Indians, under the religious leader Pope, rebelled and forced the Spanish out of the New Mexico territory for twelve years.
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Under William of Orange, Protestantism was established in England and new standards were laid for limiting the power of the monarchy.
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After twelve years of exile after the Pueblo Revolt, the Spanish returned to New Mexico and re-conquered it but, after the disaster of their previous religious policies, they maintained greater religious toleration.
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Fourteen women and six men were executed under the conviction of sorcery, while five others died in prison. These trials were caused by paranoia, local rivalries, political turmoil, the stress of continual war, and the poor legal system
