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Cotton Gin Invented
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers 50x faster than by hand invented by Eli Whitney in 1794. One of the major factors in the industrial revolution. Also caused a bigger demand for slaves in the South and improved textile productions in the North. -
The Second Great Awakening
A protestant revival movement that made made soul-winning the primary function of ministry and stimulated several moral and philanthropic reforms, including temperance and the emancipation of women with increased membership to many churches which has caused numerous major social changes to American society -
Election of 1800
It was the first peaceful transition in power from one political party to another. The election of 1800 was the first truly partisan contest in American political history and the country split along party lines. There were tensions between the two parties on the matter of Britain and France. Federalist (Britain) and Democratic-Republican (France). Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated incumbent President John Adams of the Federalist Party. -
Louisiana Purchase
In 1800, Jefferson fearing Frances new land holdings in America and their control of New Orleans and the Mississippi river would close it off to farmers and would block future American expansion, sent negotiators to France with instructions to purchase New Orleans and as much of the Gulf Coast as they could for $10 million. In a surprise twist France gave up all of its holdings in North America for $15 Million. Money they needed to fight Great Britain. -
Marbury v, Madison
Supreme Court decision that affirmed the Court’s power of judicial review, The Supreme Court’s ability to review acts of the other branches of government to determine if they are consistent with the Constitution, by ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Expedition into the newly claimed Louisiana Territory with the purpose of exploring unknown territory and finding a waterway to the Pacific Ocean. Helped by a Shoshone woman named Sacagawea -
Chesapeake–Leopard affair
Naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, between the British warship and the American USS Chesapeake. The crew of Leopard pursued, attacked, and boarded the American frigate, looking for deserters from the Royal Navy. -
Invention of the Steamboat
Robert Fulton invented the steamboat that would be used for the new U.S to carry products to markets and occasionally transport passengers which would revolutionize the economy during industrialization -
Election of 1808
Deciding not to run for reelection, Pres. Thomas Jefferson unofficially anointed James Madison, his secretary of state and fellow Virginian, as his successor. Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Pinckney. -
Embargo Act of 1807
Law passed by congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson. Prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports 1806, France passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, like the U.S., and Britain. -
The War of 1812
War between the U.S. and Great Britain that resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressment of American sailors into the British army. This war was was a bi-product of the Napoleonic Wars. -
Hartford Convention
Secret meeting of New England Federalist who opposed the War of 1812 and President Monroe. They
called for secession from the Union and for the New England states to form their own confederacy and negotiate a separate peace with Great Britain.
News of this came out around the time of the Treaty and Jackson's win in New Orleans. Lead to the death of the Federalist Party. -
Battle of New Orleans
Unaware of the peace treaty signed two weeks earlier, General Andrew Jackson stopped a British attack at New Orleans adding to his reputation as a warrior earned through his leadership during the Indian wars. This and his common man background positioned himself as the first American statesmen not from the New England or Virginia planter elite. -
Treaty of Ghent
This treaty ended the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain. Though the war ended basically a tie, America came out on top because of a new respect on the world stage and the war lead to a new sense of pride in the country and Nationalism not Sectionalism grew. -
“Era of Good Feelings”
Began in 1815 in the mood of victory that swept the nation at the end of the War of 1812. Exaltation replaced the bitter political divisions between Federalists and Republicans, between northern and southern states, and between east-coast cities and settlers on the western frontier. -
Tariff of 1816
Tariffs enforced for protection rather than revenue. Created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812. -
Rush–Bagot Treaty
Treaty between the U.S. and Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812. -
Panic of 1819
A natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war.
Generally blamed on the National Bank because it disproportionately affected the poorer classes, especially in the west, setting the stage for Jacksonian Democracy. -
Market Revolution
An era that transformed American business and global trade that gave way to factories and mass production increasingly displacing independent artisans and new ways of transporting goods to other countries that lead to major economic growth for the U.S -
The Missouri Compromise
Compromise by congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. At the time, U.S. was even divided 11 free & 11 slave states.- Maine entered as a free state
- Missouri entered as a slave state
- Prohibited slavery north of 36◦20'N- which was the southern border of Missouri.
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Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe declared the Western Hemisphere closed to further European colonization and threatened to use force to stop further European interventions in the Americas. -
Election of 1824
All running are from the Democratic-Republican Party. Andrew Jackson wins the popular vote and John Quincy Adams wins the electoral vote. The election goes to the House of Reps where Henry Clay will back Adams
Rather then see Jackson President. In return Adams named Clay as his secretary of state. Denounced immediately as a "CORRUPT BARGAIN" by supporters of Jackson. -
Tariff of 1828
Later called the Tariff of Abominations, the Tariff of 1828 increased the tax on imported manufactured goods. The law economically benefitted the North—New England in particular favored high tariffs—and injured the South, which believed that the tariff was unconstitutional -
Indian Removal Act
Signed by President Jackson that authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. -
Trail of Tears
Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. Traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey. -
Worchester vs. the State of Georgia
Court case whereby the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee Nation because Georgia laws did not apply to the Cherokee to the Cherokee nation. However, Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. -
The Bank War
-Jackson challenged by Henry Clay
-Clay attempts to make the bank a major issue & proposes early re-charter. Banks charter was set to expire in 1836
-Jackson says bank is unconstitutional
-Pulls federal money from bank and puts into "Pet Banks" that supported him in order to kill the national bank
-deregulation=overlanding by wildcat banks (in the west) -
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina, with the support of Vice President John C. Calhoun, in protest of federal protective tariffs, adopted an Ordinance of Nullification declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void in the state. President Jackson charged that the state was “on the brink of insurrection and treason.” He sent federal military forces to Charleston, but the crisis was resolved with the passage of Henry Clay’s compromise tariff bill in 1833. -
Texas Revolution
War fought from October 1835 to April 1836 between Mexico and Texas colonists that resulted in Texas's independence from Mexico and the founding of the Republic of Texas -
The Gag Rule
Passed by Congress in response to the overwhelming amount of petitions and letters that were being sent to Congress that demanded the abolishment of slavery. Act automatically "tabled," or postponed action on all petitions relating to slavery without hearing them. -
Battle of the Alamo
Pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General De Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar, killing the Texian defenders inside. -
Panic of 1837
Economic downturn in financial and economic conditions in the nation following changes to the banking system by President Jackson and his Specie Circular that effectively dried up credit. Other causes of the Panic of 1837 included the failure of the wheat crop, a financial crisis and depression in Great Britain that led to restrictive lending policies. -
The Whig Party
Political party active in the middle of the 19th century. Originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson (in office 1829–1837) and his Democratic Party. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Held in upper state New York in 1848,
First convention to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. -
The California Gold Rush Begina
Gold is discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Officially ended the Mexican -American War. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to U.S. territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
