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Yalta Conference
Source Yalta Conference was the second meeting that took place during wartime by the three leaders, which were the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The conference was held because the three leaders agreed to demand Germany to surrender and talk about post-war world. -
Berlin Declaration
Source On June 5, 1945, the supreme commanders of the Western powers met with their partners from the Soviet Union to sign the Berlin Declaration. The declaration announced the unconditional surrender of Germany and the belief of supreme authority by the four victorious powers. The document was one of three that was signed by the leaders. -
Potsdam Conference
Source The Potsdam Conference was the last World War 2 meetings held by the three heads of the state. The three heads of the state were Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. The conference was set up to talk about what was going to happen when the World War 2 ended. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 and the Allies agreed to meet in Potsdam to continue the discussions that started at Yalta. -
North Vietnam
Source The North Vietnam was also known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and was founded in 1945. North Vietnam was the first Communist State in South-East Asia. The North Vietnam controlled patches of terrritory throughout the country until 1954 and governing territory of the 17th parallel until 1976. The Communist China and USSR recognized North Vietnam in 1950. -
Iron Curtain Speech
Source On March 5, 1946, the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was chosen to deliever the Iron Curtain Speech to a crowd of 40,000 people. The speech was one of his best and famous speech he has delievered. The speech surprised the United States and Britain. Before the speech, U.S and Britain were troubled with their own post-war economies but after the speech was said, it changed. -
First Indochina War
SourceThe First Indochina War was fought from December 1946 and ended in August 1954. The war was a struggle between the Viet Minh and the French for control of the country. This problem followed the defeat of Japan in 1945 and the struggle which followed their withdrawal from Vietnam. The war resulted of about 75,000 french forces dead and many wounded and 300,000+ Communist Viet Minh forces dead and many injured. Other than the loss of many from the forces over 150,000 civilians killed. -
Period: to
Cold war
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Marshall Plan
Source Europe was devastated by all the conflicts that happened during World War 2 and the Marshall Plan helped them by giving them aid. The plan gave them over $13 billion to fund the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951. The plans purpose was to recover the economic problems of Europe and make it a better place in the future. The Marshall Plan was also know as the European Recovery Program. -
Containment Policy
Source On July 22, 1947, the Containment policy was written by George Kennan. The policy would propose that the West to adopt a policy of containment toward the Soviet Union. The policy would adopt two methods. One of the methods was military. The second method was economic. -
Berlin Blockade
SourceThe Berlin Blockade which occured between April 1948 and May 1949 was one of the major disasters that happened during the Cold War. The Berlin Blockade happened when the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control during the War. It was an agreement to seperate and divide Germany and Berlin into occupation zones. The blockade signaled problems in the future over Berlin. -
Berlin Airlift
Source After the Berlin Blockade, Berlin was in trouble and was in need of food and supplies. The Western countries delivered food and supplies to Berlin by air. Airplanes were used because all other routes were blocked from the Berlin Blockade. Over the next 10 months around 277,000 thousand flights into Berlin were made. Over 2.3 million tons of supplies were airlifted to Berlin. On May 12, 1949 the Soviet Union stopped the blockade and the airlift was over. -
NATO
Source NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The NATO is established by 12 nations: the U.S, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Iceland, Canada, and Portugal. The purpose of NATO was to strengthen the Western Allies' military response to a viable invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies . -
Soviet Union tests A-bomb
Source The Soviet Union explodes their first atomic test bomb at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan. The code name for the bomb was "First Lightning." To see what destruction the bomb causes, the Soviet scientists constructed buildings, bridges, and other civilian structures. They also put animals to see the effects of the nuclear radiation towards them. The radiation was very strong that it destroyed the buildings and killed the animals. -
People's Republic of China founded
Source On October 1, 1949, a cermony was held with more than 300,000 people in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Bejing is the capital of China. Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China. The proclamation was the highest point of years of battle of the communist forces and Chiang Kai-Shek, the Chinese leader. Chiang was supporting the American government. -
Korean War - American involvement
Source The Korean War was short but very bloody and was one of the crisis during the Cold War. After the invasion of South Korea by North Korea, the United States stepped down to help out. U.S troops were ordered by Truman to support South Korea through this difficult time. He also told the United Nations to send assistance to the military. The invasion was caused because the Soviet Union didn't want to obey them causing Korea to split into north and south. -
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
SourceJulius Rosenberg was born on May 12, 1918 and Ethel Greenglass was born on September 28, 1915. They were born in New York. Julius studied electrical engineering in college and joined the Army Signal Corps. At the Army Signal Corps he worked on radar gear. He met Ethel and married her in 1939. Ethel was a singer and actress. On March 6, 1951, Julius and Ethel were convitcted of a crime. Both Julius and Ethel were found guilty. They were charged death penality. -
Eisenhower Presidency
Source Dwight D. Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890 in Texas. He led the invasion of the Nazi-occupied Europe that started in June 1944. In 1952, the Republicans to presuade Eisenhower to run for president. He won the presidency and would serve two terms. Eisenhower managed many things that happened during the Cold War. He left office in January 1961. After a long illness, Eisenhower died on March 28, 1969. -
Nikita Khrushchev
Source Nikita Khrushchev was born on April 15, 1894 in Kalinovka. Growing up was very difficult for him. On March 20, 1953, after Stalin's death, he wanted to succeed and be a successor. He led the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Khrushchev became one of the most powerful people in the USSR. Nikita Khrushchev passed away on September 11, 1971. -
Iranian coup d'etat
Source In Iran the Iranian coup d'etat is known as 28 Mordad coup. Iranian coup d'etat lasted from August 15 to August 19, 1953. On August 19, 1953 was the day that Mohammad Mosaddegh was democratically elected as prime minister. The event was the overthrow of the election. Iran becomes a unfriendly guarded zone against the Middle Eastern Soviet Expansion. -
Warsaw Pact
SourceThe Warsaw Pact was formed on May 14, 1955. The treaty that established the Pact was signed by the Soviet Union and seven of its European satellites. The treaty was signed in Warsaw and that is how it got its name. The purpose of the Warsaw Pact was to call on the member states to come to the defense of any member attacked and it set up a unified military command under Marshal Ivan S. Konev of the Soviet Union -
Suez Crisis
SourceThe Suez Crisis was also known as the Tripartite Aggression. The leader of the crisis was Gamal Abdel Nasser, leader of Egypt. Even though the Suez Crisis ended the political career of Sir Anthony Eden, it served a great advance. The Crisis was a result of a United States error concerning the sale of Soviet weapons to Egypt. -
Hungarian Revolution
SourceThe Hungarian Revolution was a nationwide revolt against the government, Khrushchev's policy caused many problems which caused the Hungarian Revolution. The Hungarians hated the Russian Control. The effects of the Hungarian Revolution was the subduing in Hungary, the Iron Curtain was controled by Russia, and and the distribution of the Cold War. Subduing caused thousands of Hungarians to be arrested and imprisoned. Many fled to Austria. -
Sputnik
Source Sputnik was the first fake Earth satellite. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the satellite. History changed after the launch. The Satellite was a small sized ball weighing only about 180 pounds. The event marked the start of the space age. The Sputnik caught many interactions in space and brought many new information. The launch of this satellite created the NASA. -
Cuban Revolution
Source The Cuban Revolution was an armed Revolt that was against the authority of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista by the July Movement. The July Movement was led by Fidel Castro. Castro fought against the government army. The revolution was a struggle. The civil war lasted only three years long and ended on January 1, 1959. -
U2 Incident
SourceThe incident happened during the World War 2 and was an international disaster. On May 1, the U2 spy plane was shot down by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. The plane was in Soviet air space when it was caught flying over.The pilot of the spy plane was Francis Gary Powers. This crisis happened during Eisenhower's presidency. The U2 spy plane incident caused tensions during the Cold War. -
Kennedy Presidency
Source On November 8, 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected as President. He defeated Richard M. Nixon who was also in the election. Kennedy was the first catholic and youngest president elected in the United States. Kennedy was the 35th president. As a president, he managed the Cold War tensions in Vietnam and Cuba. He also led many services. -
First man in space
Source Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut was the first man in space. Yuri was 27 years old when the flight took place. He was the first person to orbit the planet in his space capsule. It took him 89 minutes to orbit the planet. After being the first man in space, he became famous for what he did and soon was a celebrity. -
Bay of Pigs
Source The Bay of Pigs invasion was unsuccessful invasion of Cuba. The invasion was supported by the United States government. The United States government gave them the weapons. About 1,500 armed Cuban exiles landed in the Bay of Pigs on April 17. The exhiles hoped to get support and cross the island to Havana but Castro's army caught them and didn't let them. The exhiles were defeated. -
Berlin Wall
Source The Berlin Wall was built between East and West Berlin by East Germany. The wall was made out of concrete and barbed wire. The purpose of building the wall was to keep the Western facists from entering East Germany. Many were killed trying to escape by climbing the wall to get to the other side. The walls were protected by armed soldiers on both sides. Some people also found ways to go over without getting caught. -
Checkpoint Charlie
Source Checkpoint Charlie was the only place that outsiders visting Berlin were able to cross from West to East and back again because all routes were closed. The Checkpoint is located in the neighborhood, Friedrichstadt which is located in Berlin. During the Cold War phase, Checkpoint Charlie was featured in movies and many other things. Checkpoint Charlie was removed in June 1990. -
JFK Assassination
Source On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy,46 was assassinated. He was shot traveling through Texas while sitting in a open-top convertible. Lee Harvey Oswald was the person who shot and killed Kennedy. John was rushed to the hospital where he was pronounced dead. Governor Connally was also seriously injured during the attack. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Source The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a plan proposed by President Lyndon Johnson. The Resolution ratified overcoming by both houses of Congress that gave the president approval to take any necessary measures to repel attacks and prevent aggression against United States forces in Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin was the turning point for the rise of the Vietnam War. -
SALT I
Source The SALT I was the first of the Strategic Arms Limitation. It talks about between the USSR and the United States Communist leader. The purpose of the talks was to meet with President Nixon to come up with a treaty. The treaty needed to contain the arms race. The SALT I led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. -
Vietnam War - American Involvement
Source On October 21, 1967, the March of the Pentagon started. A large protest of about 100,000 people met at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. About 30,000 people marched to the Pentagon. The purpose of the march was to end war in the Vietnam. About 650 arrests were made due to a clash that started at the Pentagon. -
Tet Offensive
Source On January 31, 1969, about 70,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive is a round of aggressive attacks on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam. The attacks were from rebel forces. It was named "Tet" after the lunar new year holiday. -
Nixon Presidency
Source Richard Nixon was born on January 9, 1913. Nixon was elected the 37th president of the United States. In his previous years, he was a U.S Senator and Representative. On January 20, 1969, his presidential term began. Throughout his presidential term, he kept his promises, made new laws, and broad program. -
Apollo 11
Source Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that took the American astronauts to space. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first humans to land on the moon. Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. They collected about 47 pounds of lunar material to return to Earth. The men also put an American flag on the moon after arriving to the moon. -
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Source A group of Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. About 60 American hostages were taken by the students. President Jimmy Carter’s decision caused the hostages. The students were supporters of the revolutionary leader, Ayatollah Khomeini. The hostages were released after President Carter's deal to unfreeze Iran's assets in the US. -
Reagan Presidency
Source Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, IL. On January 21, 1981, his presidential term began. He was the 40th president. Throughout his presidential term, he cut taxes, expanded defense spending, and many other things. He is also known to help to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Source Thousands of Chinese troops marched through the Tiananmen Square killing and arresting the pro-democracy protestors. The Tiananmen Square was located in the center of Beijing. The killings of the protestors shocked the West and brought penalities from the United States. The troops fired freely into the crowds of protestors. Many protestors ran away and many stayed and continued protesting. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Source After three decades later after the Berlin Wall was built seperating the East and West of Berlin, the wall was torn down on November 9, 1989. People who lived in the Communist countries always stepped up against the Communist system but failed. The purpose of tearing down the Berlin Wall was to increase freedom. -
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Source Soviet Union was found on December 30, 1922. The decision to discontinue the Soviet Union was made and supported by the governments of Belarus and Ukraine. On December 26, 1991, Russia's seperation from the Soviet Union was shut causing the Soviet Union to fall.
