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Demetri turned 3 years old. -
Around 36 months of age, preschoolers start using pronouns. When talking about his friends at school, Demetri has started using the word "They".
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Around 3 years old, children are using compound sentences with "and". Demetri exhibited this skill as he was talking about when his mother told his father something that Demetri said earlier. An example is "I told mama and then mama told daddy".
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At 36 months, children begin to develop shallow phonological awareness. Demetri demonstrates this through his ability to rhyme words such as "cat" and "hat" and with his knowledge of blending sounds, like knowing that the letters "c-a-t" form "cat".
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At 36 months, children begin to engage in longer dialogues. Demetri is starting to engage in longer dialogues with his mom when talking about his day. This video is an example of how Demetri engages in dialogue with his mom.
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At 40 months of age, children typically can use around 1,500 words and can comprehend 1,500-2,000 words. As well as this they should be able to understand words that relate to each other. For example Demetri knows that the words Hot and cold go together, as well as hard and soft.
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Children at this point are using pronouns consistently in their speech. Demetri exhibited this as he was telling his mother what his dad did throughout the day. The conversation is as follows,
Demetri: "He said yes"
Mom: "Daddy said yes?"
Demetri: "Yeah he said so. See look, he has it.". -
Around 40 months, children are able to use adverbs of time in their language. Over the weekend, Demetri had a friend come over to play, but by the time Demetri's dad came home from his overnight shift his friend had already left. Here's a conversation between Demetri and his dad as an example of Demetri using adverbs of time.
Dad: "Hey buddy, where's your friend?"
Demetri: "He went home."
Dad: "Oh, when did he go home?"
Demetri: "He went home yesterday.". -
At 40 months children continue to refine their articulatory skills. Demetri demonstrates this through his abilities to isolate sounds, recognize syllables, and put words together to form sentences and even stories.
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At 40 months, children begin to use primitive narratives. Demetri demonstrates usage of primitive narrative by using character(s), topic/subject and events when conversing. The following is an example of Demetri using a primitive narrative “My dad went to work. My mom stayed home with me. I fell when playing with my puppy. So mom put a band-aid on me.”
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Around 44 months, children are able to understand the difference between some kin terms. For example Demetri knows the difference between his mother, father, sister, and brothers. As he gets older he will grow to learn the difference between his cousins, aunts, and uncles as well.
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By 44 months, the majority of children have mastered most consonants. Demetri has shown great growth when speaking and it appears that he recognizes all consonants, but may mistake sounds like m and n on occasion.
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This is the age at which children begin to understand indirect requests accompanied by nonverbal pointing. Demetri demonstrates his understanding of indirect requests using nonverbal pointing by going to the crayon station in the room to get crayons when his preschool teacher points at the crayon station in the room and says ``we are going to color today.”.
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Children at this age are using irregular third person verbs such as "has". Demetri shows an example of this when talked about how some of his weekly playmates had pets at their homes.
Demetri: "Yesterday, Kayla said she has a cat. Then Daniel said he has a snake. I want a snake too.". -
Demetri turned 4 years old. -
Around 48 months or 4 years of age children are able to use reflexive pronouns. When Demetri talks about school he uses reflexive pronouns such as Herself and Himself. For example "Tim had candy because he brought it himself"
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By 48 months, most children have a decrease in the use of phonological processes. Demetri demonstrates this by using less letter substitution in words and distinguishing between the "ch" and "sh" sounds, which reflects in his speech.
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Demetri has achieved the ability to construct true narratives. A plot is present, along with a problem that is resolved at the end, and the events follow a logical sequence. An example of Demetri constructing a true narrative "Trey and I found a brand new toy in my closet. We opened it to play with it. Mom was upset because we opened it without asking for it. We apologized to Mom and put the toy back in the closet. She said it was okay and we got the toy back."
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Children at 52 months of age start using "what do, what does, what did" questions. Demetri has shown that he is on track as he commonly asks "What did Malachi do?" when wondering why his brother is in timeout. Or "What does this do?" when asking about objects in the kitchen.
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At this time, children are using subordination and coordination in their sentences. Demetri exhibited this as he was having a conversation with his mom.
Mother: "Why are you wearing your socks again?"
Demetri: "I put on my socks because I'm cold.". -
By 52 months, children who are average learners are very intelligible in connected speech. Demetri shows his intelligibility by becoming more and more talkative and telling stories to his peers as well as at home.
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By 52 months, children are using indirect requests. Demetri demonstrates the achievement of this milestone by telling his mom, “ There is a Chick-Fil-A, I am hungry”. The indirect request intended is for his mom to stop at Chick-Fil-A for food.
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Around 5 years of age, children are able to use 1,500-2,000 words, and can comprehend 2,500-2,800 words. As well as this, they use deictic terms. For example Demetri asks questions like, "what is that over there?"
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At this age, children are now using five to eight words in their sentences. Demetri exhibited this in a conversation with another child from his weekly playgroup. An example includes this sentence he said, "I went to the store yesterday with mom."
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By 56 months normal development suggest that a child should be able to recognize the letters that make up their name. Demteri demonstrates recognition of the letters in his name when he is able to identify those letters more quickly and with more confidence while in class.
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Around the age of 56- 60 months, children begin to use narrative with a sequence of events but no main character or theme. Here is an example of Demetri using narrative with a sequence of events.
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Demetri turned 5 years old.