-
Fue un sistema político, social y económico que existió en Europa entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. Se caracterizaba por la monarquía absoluta, la sociedad estamental y una economía basada en la agricultura
-
Montesquieu (1689–1755) was a French philosopher and politician of the Enlightenment. He defended liberty and the separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial) as a way to prevent absolutism and the abuse of power. His most important work, The Spirit of the Laws, deeply influenced modern constitutions and liberal thought. -
Voltaire (1694–1778) was a French writer and philosopher of the Enlightenment. He strongly criticized intolerance, fanaticism, and absolutism, and defended freedom of thought, expression, and religion. Through his works, he promoted reason and justice, becoming one of the main voices of Enlightenment philosophy. -
La Ilustración fue un movimiento intelectual y cultural del siglo XVIII, originado en Europa, que promovía la razón, la ciencia y la libertad como bases del progreso. Sus ideas cuestionaron el absolutismo y la desigualdad, influyendo en revoluciones como la Francesa.
-
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a prominent Swiss philosopher and writer, considered one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment. He criticized social inequality and defended freedom and equality among people. In his work The Social Contract, he stated that sovereignty resides in the people and that laws should express the general will. His ideas greatly influenced the French Revolution and modern political thought. -
Adam Smith (1723–1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher of the Enlightenment. He is considered the father of modern economics. In his work The Wealth of Nations (1776), he explained how free markets and competition could promote prosperity, defending economic freedom and the idea that individuals acting in their own interest benefit society as a whole. -
George Washington (1732–1799) was an American military leader and statesman of the Enlightenment era. He led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolution and became the first President of the United States. Washington defended liberty and republican values, helping to establish the foundations of American democracy. -
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was an American philosopher, writer, and political leader of the Enlightenment. He was the main author of the Declaration of Independence, promoting natural rights and individual freedoms. As the third President of the United States, he defended democracy, education, and equality as the basis of a just society. -
Olympe de Gouges (1748–1793) was a French writer and political activist during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. She defended women’s rights and gender equality, and in her work The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), she demanded equal rights for women in society and politics. Her ideas made her a pioneer of modern feminism. -
Louis XVI (1754–1793) was the King of France during the late 18th century. His reign was marked by financial crisis and popular discontent, which led to the French Revolution. Tried and executed by guillotine, Louis XVI’s death symbolized the fall of absolutism and the rise of revolutionary ideals. -
Robespierre (1758–1794) was a French lawyer and revolutionary leader of the French Revolution. A member of the Jacobin Club and the Committee of Public Safety, he defended republican virtue and equality but became associated with the Reign of Terror. His execution marked the end of that radical phase of the Revolution. -
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) was an English writer and philosopher of the Enlightenment. She is considered one of the first advocates for women’s rights. In her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), she argued that women should have access to education and equal opportunities with men. Her ideas laid the foundations of modern feminism. -
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to power after the French Revolution. He became Emperor of France in 1804 and expanded his empire across Europe. Napoleon introduced the Napoleonic Code, modernizing laws and administration, and left a lasting legacy on European politics. -
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) was an American lawyer and politician of the 19th century. As the sixteenth President of the United States, he led the country during the Civil War and abolished slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln became a symbol of freedom, equality, and moral courage. -
Las revoluciones liberales fueron una serie de movimientos políticos ocurridos en Europa durante el siglo XIX que defendían la libertad, la igualdad ante la ley y la soberanía nacional. Su objetivo era acabar con el absolutismo y establecer gobiernos constitucionales basados en los derechos del ciudadano.