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10,000 years ago
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Malthus wrote 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' about the dangers of too large a population.
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John Muir was a naturalist who wanted preservation in the U.S. He founded the Sierra Club in 1892 and wrote six books on his experiences in nature.
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Walden (Life in the Woods) was a book to help people understand that they were wasting resources and using more than they needed to survive.
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Theodore Roosevelt founded the Boone and Crockett Club in 1887 to conserve water, wildlife, and natural resources. While in office, he created over 50 wildlife refuges. In 1902, he established the Reclamation Service, which helped make lands suitable for farming.
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The Homestead Act was created to get settlers out into the West and improve the land, which was then given to them freely or very cheaply.
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The AFA was founded to help conserve forests and share information. It has changed over the years and is still active today.
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This act repealed the Timber Culture and Preemption Acts and meant that the President could create forest preserves easily.
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The Sierra Club was an environmental organization founded by John Muir to help protect the Sierra Nevada.
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The Lacey Act says that plants and animals can't be used in trade if they've been illegaly captured. It was illegal to capture animals in one state and sell in another, so that only the native animals would stay in their own states.
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Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
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Aldo Leopold wrote A Sand County Almanac, in which he criticized the usage of natural areas, and wanted to conserve wildlife.
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The Audubon Society was created to protect birds and aimed to conserve resources.
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The USFS was founded to support the health of our country's forests and grasslands, and to conserve natural resources.
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Pinchot was the first leader of the USFS and aimed to preserve resources and protect forest reserves.
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The Antiquities Act states that certain areas of land (owned by the government) cannot be used. This land is set aside for preservation or is turned into a National Monument or National Park.
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The Soil Conservation Service was formed to combat soil erosion and reduce harmful impacts on the environment.
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The CCC was founded by Theodore Roosevelt as part of the New Deal program. It created about 250,000 jobs, which provided food, clothing, and housing for those who took them. These people worked in national forests and other such places.
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The Taylor Grazing Act regulated grazing and managed rangeland to improve the condition of the land and to help protect public lands from overgrazing.
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This act required anyone hunting migratory birds to possess a stamp issued by the federal government, sometimes called a duck stamp. The majority of the money gained from selling these stamps is used to preserve and protect wetlands.
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The FWS was created to manage and protect fish, wildlife, and their habitats. They were created when lower fish populations were noticed, for the purpose of finding a solution.
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FIFRA is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which was the first legislation against pesticides. Standards were set for quality and safety for all chemicals being used in this way.
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Jane Goodall is most well-known for her studies on primate behaviors and the fact that she is the only human being to be accepted into chimp society.
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Silent Spring was a book written by Rachel Carson that helped to lauch the environmentalist movement. The book pointed out that DDT was harmful to organisms other than insects, including humans.
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This was the first version of the act, which legislated air pollution and established programs.
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This act was created to increase federal involvment in air quality. It also authorized more studies on air quality and pollution.
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This act prevents rivers from undergoing any development that would change their nature. Over 150 rivers currently have the status of wild or scenic river.
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The Cuyahoga River is incredibly polluted, with oil slicks, trash, and debris floating on top of the water. This has led to numerous fires, but the 1969 fire was the one that TIME magazine wrote about. This led to major changes and an effort to clean up rivers.
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NEPA was an environmental law that made federal agencies assess the environment and the impact that we have on it.
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The act called for both state and federal legislature on emissions and pollution.
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The Clean Water Act regulates water pollution and aims to stop the releasing of toxic substances into water, keep water healthy for human use and recreation, and stop contamination.
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OPEC stands for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. In 1973, they put an embargo on oil due to support of Israel by other countries, including America. Oil prices went through the roof, and a recession followed.
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Discovered that certain things (chlorofluorocarbons) lead to the destruction of the ozone layer.
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The RCRA is the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which aims to reduce waste, manage waste, conserve energy and resources, and protect the health of both the population and the environment.
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These amendments added more requirements for air quality control and established permit requirements.
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This act was made up of two main programs; one was intended to reclaim mining areas that were no longer in use, and the other to regulate still-active coal mines.
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Love Canal was a neighborhood in which toxic chemical waste had been dumped and buried beneath the neighboorhood. This was seen as a lack of concern for the health and safety of the population and the environment.
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A woman who lived in Love Canal, NY, and became an environmental activist after the discovery of the chemical waste.
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The Three Mile Island nuclear accident was a meltdown of a nuclear power plant, which released radioactive gases and iodine into the environment, causing injuries to the surrounding population.
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The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act added a significant amount of acreage to the National Wildlife Refuge System, the Wilderness Preservation System, and the Tongass and Chugach national forests.
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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
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This was the world's worst industrial diasaster; a gas leak occurred in Bhopal, India, and the death toll (including deaths from related injuries) is supposedly around 16,000.
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This accident is said to be the worst nuclear accident ever. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine exploded and released large amounts of radioactive material.
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The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was a treaty between nations aimed on eliminating the usage of substances believed to be harmful to the ozone layer.
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The Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker that spilled 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of crude oil into the ocean. This was the largest oil spill ever in US waters, and was very harmful to the oceanic life.
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These amendments added regulations for acid rain and certain types of permits. Programs for controlling pollution were expanded as well.
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This act addressed things such as energy efficiency, energy conservation and management, alternative fuel sources, radioactive waste, and renewable energy.
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The California Desert Protection Act of 1994 established the Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. It also added 69 wilderness areas to the National Wilderness Preservation System.
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166 nations grouped together in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as well as those of other harmful gases. The U.S. withdrew support, and there was not enough support in general for much efficiency.
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Julia Hill stayed in a giant redwood tree for 738 days in order to protest the cutting down of trees and destruciton of forests.
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