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Camera lucida
The camera lucida was an optical device that allows the user to see the image with one eye and look at the paper with the other. This creates a tracable image on the paper. -
Camera Obscura
The camera obscura was a small box with a pinhole porjected at the desired image. The image is projected onto a piece of paper reveresed, and can be traced onto the paper. -
Period: to
Photography
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Joseph-Nicephore Niepce
Joseph-Nicephore Niepce combines the camera obscura with photsensitive paper to make images. Although, the images are not permanent. -
Pewter Plate images
Joseph-Nicephore Niepce and Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre both independantly work on proccessing an image with the use of pewter plates. -
Joseph-Nicephore Niepce makes permanent image
Joseph-Nicephore Niepce creates a permament image using photosensitive paper. -
The Daguerreotype
Daguerreotype created the standard size for photos. The image was processed on a silver nitrate plat eand was very delicate. So delicate that whiping your hand over it would remove the image from the plate. The patents for the Daguerreotype were released to the french government in exchange for a life pension. -
"Photogenic Drawings"
William Henry Fox Talbot created photogrpaphs as early as 1835 but he kep them private until he heard about the "Daguerreotype." The images were much more stable because they were displayed on ordinary paper, but the images were of lesser quality than previous methods. One of the benefits of using a "talbotype" is that multipl eimages can be created from one negative. -
Ambrotype
James Ambrose Cutting patents a modification of the wet collodion process that allows the images to be more stable, but again produced a one-of-a kind photo. This was the cheapest method of photography and quickly became popular during the Civil war in the United States. A variation of this was created called the "tintype" which, with the use of multiple lenses, recorded the same image multiple times on the same plate. The plate could later be cut into the seperate photographs. -
Albumen Paper
Along with the development of the Ambrotype, Albumen paper used egg white and salt to to refine the structure of photographs. -
Wet collodion process
First introduced in England by Frederick Scott Archer. The wet collodion process used a light sensitive solution that becomes transparent and sticky when dissolved in alchohol and stuck to a sheet of glass. This produced an image sharper and quicker than previous methods. Although the process itself is quick, it required a large amount of equipment including a dark tent to 'finalize' the images in. -
Stereostopic images
In the mid 1850's, the use of twin lens camera became popular. The camera would develop two images almsot identical, when the user viewed them at a certain angle side by side, the user would be able to view the image in 3 dimensions. -
Dry process
Chemest started developing a method of photography that did not need chemicals or a dark room. This was known as the "dry process" but was not yet fast enough to draw people away from the "wet process" -
First step to colour
James Maxwel, a scottish physicist, started the basics of colour photogrpahy. Using a green, blue and red filter he showed the seperation of different colours throught the filters. Whent he light coming throught these filters was superimposed on a sreen, the colours of the filters where reporduced. All attempts to coloured photographs since have relied on seperating the light into basic colours. -
Cabinet Cards
As the demand for "visiting cards" became smaller, photgraphers started making larger images called cabinet cards. These cards could hold multiple photos and were usually used as way to display family member's photos. They were also largely used for advertisment, as photographers would use the back an the front to advertise their business. -
Dry process refined
The dry process was refined to use gelatin bromide, which was more sensitive to ligh than wet collodion plates. These plates became available for use in 1878. -
The "kodak"
George Eastman started selling his camera, "the kodak, in 1888. It was the first roll film box camera and was capable of 100 pictures on one film. The camera itself cost $25, George Eastman charge $10 for development of the photos and included a replacement film. -
Paper for Photography
George Eastman introduced a light, flexable paper film that eliminated the use of large glass paltes. This was became a photography standard, but also played a large part in the begginning of motion photography. -
Kinetoscope
William Kennedy Laurie Dickson develops the system to make a moving image. This is done by taking pictures one after the other of the same object as it is moving, the images are then fed through a spool system where they systematically pass by a lamb and lens. The lens projects the image onto a screen. -
First successful colour photograph system
Fredrick E. Ives successfully marketed a system for his earlier camera, that allowed it expose three negatives at once, one through each colour filter. He then superimposed them to yield a single imageof three different colours. Althought the system allowed three colours, it was truley three seperate photographs on three seperate plates and became a hassle to keep aligned. -
Wire-Photos
Arthur Korn invents the method of transmitting and recieveing photos through wire to other locations. Used throught Europe by 1910, and intercontinentally by 1922. -
Autochrome Lumiere
Two french brothers, Auguste and Loius Lumiere, first introduced the "Autochrome" in 1904, and made it commercially avsilable in 1907. The Autochrome used glass plates with very fine coloured dust, the image was projected through these particles and then onto a neative plate. This yielded a slightly transparent colour. -
Autographic Film system
Theautographic film system was introduced by kodak for the sole purpose of adding information to photos. The film allowed the user to add information at the time of exposure. The system never became popular and was discontinued in 1932. -
Kodachrome
Kodachrome film was developed for kodak cameras and allowed red and green colours to be captured and some objects where blurry. By 1935, the film allowed for 3 colours and images became much more clear. -
Nikon
Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo. -
Refined paper film
Over the years, it was discovered George Eastman's paper film was highly flammable and not proper for use in photography. To fix the issue, the nitrate in the film was replaced with cellulose, but the paper became to brittle. By 1923, acetate based film had replaced George Eastman's film and became the new standard. -
Fuji Photo Film founded.
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Holography
The Hungarian-British physicist Dennis Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the holograph. The holograph gathered light scattered from an object, and reconstructed it in 3 dimensions. This allows a siongle holographic image to have several veiw points of one object or scene. -
Instant Photgraphy
The first instant camera, the Polaroid model 95, used chemical rollers that smeared chemicals over the negative and positive image. The image took one minute to create . -
First commercial camcorder
The first easy to use camcorder recorded images for televisions by capturing the image and converting it into electrical impulses, then transfering them to a magnetic storage tape. -
First display of a image on a computer
First digital image produced on a computer by Russell Kirsch at U.S. National Bureau of Standards -
Instant colour phtography
Polaroid intrudoduces a new camera and film capable of instantly creating colour images. -
Megapixel sensor
Kodak scientists invent the world's first megapixel sensor, the technology used in the large majority of modern cameras. -
Adobe photoshop is released
First version of Adobe photshop is relaeased for Macintosh only and is not publically available. -
J-SH04
Introduced by J-Phone, the J-SH04 was the first commercially available phone with an integrated camera. The camera was capable of taking and sharing still pictures. -
Instant photography ends
Polaroid announces the discontinuation of all instant photography products, citing the overwhelming popularity of digital photography. -
Kodachrome film ends
Kodak announces the discontinuation of kodachrome film. The film becoems less popular and is hardly used in comparison to digital photgraphy.
