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Treaty of Versailles
Germany surrenders to Allied Powers, with ashamable peace conditions, such as losing all its colonies, a lot of territories, limiting its army and, worst of all, having to pay France for war reparations. -
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
He was the leader and funder of the Italian Fascist Party in 1921. He ruled Italy during WWII and became Italy´s Duce in 1943, after the "March on Rome". He was fussilated by communist partisans in April 25th, 1945. -
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Fascist Italy
Italy, unhappy after WWI peace treaties, started to support more extremist political parties such as the Italian Communist Party or the Fascist Italian Party, known as the "Black Shirts", which was created by Benito Mussolini in 1921. -
March on Rome
Mussolini´s supports went to Rome to manifestate, using violence if necessary. Thousands of "Black Shirts" Because of the pressure, the currently king of Italy Victor Emmanuel III abdicated, making Benito Mussolini the charge of Prime Minister. -
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Primo de Rivera dictatorship
General Miguel Primo de Rivera gave a coup with the approval of the king in which a military dictatorship was implanted. The Constitution was suspended, the courts were dissolved and the political parties and unions were banned. Due to opposition in 1929, the king removed his support to Primo de Rivera, who resigned in 1930. -
Joseph Stalin (1878-1953)
Joseph Stalin was the leader of the USSR, becoming it after Lenin´s death in 1924 and eliminating his rivals Trotsky and Kámenev.
He started a totalitary system named "Stalinism", and he ordered the murder of his rivals in the Communist Party. He led the USSR during World War II. He created the Five-Year plans. -
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China Civil War
From 1927 a war had been going on in China, between the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party won the war and took the power. Mao Zedong, the Communist Party´s leader, announced the creation of the People´s Republic of China, and signed a pact of non-agression with Stalin. -
29 Crack
In New York´s stock-market,a high rise of the action´s price is going on, and it arrives to a point in which the actions are worth a lot more than their real cost. People began to sell them, and the price suddenly got lower. Lot of people were ruined and this started the Great Depression, which would affect the USA and European countries. -
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Great Depression
Period of time during which there was an economically world-wide crisis, because of the 29 Crack. -
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First Biennium
Because of the tense political climate caused by the population´s reaction to the Constitution, Republic´s president Manuel Azaña started a serie of reforms, such as the agrary reform, the Cataluña autonomy, the military reform, the educational reforms, the working reforms, and the regulations of the civil marrying and the divorce. However, in 1932 there was a coup led by General Sanjurjo, but it failed. Still, there were some skirmishes between the peasants and the Guardia Civil. -
1931 Constitution
In 1931, elections were held in Spain and the Republic won in most of the provinces´ capitals. Alfonso XIII exiled and a Provisional Government was created, which proclaimed the Spanish Second Republic. The new constitution, approved by the Corts, had new features, such as the acknowledge of individual liberties, the right to divorce, the universal voting rights, the declaration of spain as a non-religious-related political state, the territorial descentralization, and the social well-being. -
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
Adolf Hitler was Germany´s leader during WWII. The became Germany´s Canciller in the 1933 Elections. He created an Anti-Semitic policy and was responsible for the outbreak of WWII and millions of jews deaths. He suicided while he was in his underground Führerbunker surrounded by the Soviet Troops. -
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Fascist Germany
After Versailles Treaty, Germany was totally humiliated and devastated. USA´s helped Germany to overcome its situation, but with the Great Depression the situation enworsened. Germany started supporting extremists parties, just like Italy. One of these parties was the Nazi Party, in which Adolf Hitler was the leader.
The Nazi Party won the elections in 1933, and Hitler became Germany´s Führer. -
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Second Biennium
In september 1933, Azaña resigned and new elections were held.
The Radical Party was the winner. The reforms of the First Bienniuum where changed or removed. Because of the tension between Right and Left parties, a revolution started in October 1934. The revolution was successful in Asturias, but it was hardly repressed. The same happend in Cataluña. Because of the revolution, the government entered a deep crisis, and new elections were held in 1936. -
Popular Front
The Popular Front, led by Manuel Azaña, won the 1936 elections, and re-started the First Biennium reforms. The social problems began once again, with churches burned and demonstrations. Some generals, such as Emilio Mola, started to plot against the Republic. In July 1936, Right Party gunners killed Lt. Castillo, known Left Party military. One day later, Castillo´s mates shot Calvo Soleto, leader of the Right Party. This fact was the one who would cause the raid of North African spanish troops. -
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Spanish Civil War
In 1936, spanish north african troops, led by Generals Franco, Sanjurjo and Mola sublevated against against the Republic.
Spanish got split up in the Nationalists, with a fascist ideology, and the Republicans, with a communits-democratic ideology.
Franco´s troops were supported by Hitler´s Germany, and the Republic got help from the USSR. The Republic also got help from the International Brigadists, which were volunteer troops from France, UK... -
Francisco Franco (1892-1975)
Francisco Franco was a spanish army general who took part in the coup d´etat leading to the Civil War. He became Spain´s dictator after the end of the war. -
End of the Civil War
Franco´s troops win the war, taking control of Spain and creating a new dictatorial government, with Franco as the "Caudillo" of Spain. -
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World War II
WWII started in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland and France and the UK declared war on him.
SIDES:
AXIS ALLIES GERMANY UNITED KINGDOM
ITALY FRANCE
JAPAN USA
SOVIET UNION The war ended in 1945 with Japan´s surrender. -
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Interwar Period
Period during which there was no war. It goes from 1st World War to 2nd World War. -
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
He led the UK during World War II, and because of his trust in the Radar they won the Battle of England. However, he did not win the elections to Prime Minister after WWII because he wanted another war, this time against the communist countries. After WWII, he gave a speech in the USA where he said an Iron Curtain had fallen in Europe, as a way of saying the communists countries were a threat. -
Pearl Harbor´s Attack
When Japanese forces attacked USA´s naval base in Pearl Harbor, USA entered WWII by declaring war to Japan and joining the Allies. -
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Cold War
Period of tensions between the USA and the USSR, because of the fear of the outbreak of a world thermonuclear war. It was protagonized by two blocks. EASTERN/COMMUNIST BLOCK USSR
CUBA
VIETNAM
OTHER COMMUNIST COUNTRIES WESTERN/DEMOCRATIC BLOCK USA
EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES
AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES -
Harry S. Truman (1884-1972)
He was the USA´s president during WWII and the first part of the Cold War. He was the one who ordered the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
Battle of Berlin
Soviet Troops take over Berlin, putting end to the Europe War. -
Japan surrenders
After the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, Japan surrended, putting end to the Second World War. -
Indian Independence
Thanks to Mahatma Gandhi´s ideas of a peaceful independence, the India independenced from the UK and split in two different estates, India and Pakistan. -
Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program (ERP))
Based in USA´s president Harry Truman Doctrine, it was a plan in which Europe democratic countries would be given an economical help in order to avoid the apread of comunism and reactivate their economy. -
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Arabic-Israel 1st War
In 1948, when Israel was created, the first war started, but Israel defeated the arabic countries and annexed Jerusalen occidental part. -
UK creates Israel
After UK ends his control in Palestina, a new country was created in that region, named Israel. Israel was a country "for the Jews", but many people opposed these, because most of the people there were muslim. -
Berlin is blocked
After Western Germany allies decided to join Germany´s parts to create a new Germany, Stalin answered to this by blocking USSR part, together with Berlin USSR part in 1948, creating two estates in : One with a capitalist economy and the other with a communist economy. Because of the blocking in Berlin the USA created an Airlift in order to supply their Berlin population.
The block was lifted in 1949, and because of the crisis, Germany was split in two Estates: The GDR, and the FRG. -
Greece Civil War (1946-1949)
After the Second World War, a Civil War between Communists (supported by the USSR indirectly) and Monarchics started in Greece. In the end the monarchics won. -
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Created in 1949, the NATO was a military organisation between democratic european countries and the USA to collaborate in case of a war between the two blocks. -
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Korea War
Korea was owned by Japan before WWII. After the defeat of the Japanese troops, the country split up in two new countries: North Korea (communist gobern with USSR supports) and South Korea (democracy supported by the USA) and a civil war started between them. South Korea had almost been defeated by the UN decided to take part to avoid the spread of comunism. In 1953, peace was signed in Panmunjon, for which the two countries were separated by the Paralel 39ºN. This border still remains today. -
Nikita Kruschev (1894-1971)
Nikita Kruschev was the USSR president after Stalin´s death, and he started a period of "De-Stalinization", in which he criticized Stalin´s politics. He was the president during the 2nd part of the Cold War, and tried to establish a peaceful mutual co-existance with the USA, even visiting it. -
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Vietnam War (1st Part)
Until 1954, Vietnam was controlled by France as a colony in Indochina. When France went out of the zone, freeing the country, it split up in two Estates: South Vietnam (dictatorial regime supported by the USA) and North Vietnam (communist estate). Because of the guerrillas caused by the Vietcong in South Vietnam who wanted to make the country become communist, the USA approved in 1964 to send troops.
But the USA was unable to control the situation. In 1968 the Vietcong launched an offensive. -
Varsovia Treaty
Treaty created by the USSR which was Stalin´s answer to the OTAN creation. It was a military alliance between Communist countries. -
Hungary Revolution
In October 1956, a communist-criticism movement started to invade Hungary, and even the hungarian troops began to demonstrate. Hungary announced they would be quitting the Varsovia Treaty. The USSR´s tanks quickly entered Budapest and suffocated the revolution. -
Suez Channel Crisis
In October 1956, the president of Egipt Nasser nationalized the Suez Channel. The UK and France, supported by Israel, planned an operation to take down Nasser´s Gobern. Even though they recovered part of the Suez Channel, the operation failed, because the USSR and the USA were not supporting their decision and were pressing the UN to take the troops out of the Channel. -
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Arabic-Israel 2nd War
When Nasser nationalized the Suez channel, Israel, France and the UK invaded Sinal Peninsule. The pressure from the UN and USA made them retire. -
Cuba Civil War
Fidel Castro succeeds in taking the Batista dictature down, and implanted a communist gobern, which the USA thought was a threat to them. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was created in 1961, by the USSR. The USSR didn´t want their population to escape the communist territory to enter the democratic one. This wall would last for almost 30 years. -
USA invades Cuba
The USA attacks the Pig Bay in Cuba in an attempt of taking the castrost regime down. They however failed to invade the country, and this produced the approach of Castro and the USSR. -
John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
He was USA´s president during the second part of the Cold War.
He was the youngest president, being only 43 years old, and he was shot in Dallas in November 1963. He put a lot of effort in the arms race and the space race. -
Cuba Missiles Crisis
When the USA detected USSR missile platforms in Cuba, which directly threatened them, USA president Kennedy ordered the naval block of Cuba to avoid military supplies to reach the island and threatened USSR with invading Cuba if they didn´t remove their platforms. In the end, Nikita Kruschev ordered the removal of their missile platforms, if the USA didn´t invade Cuba. Despite this, the USA still held the pressure in the Cuban Regime. -
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3rd Arabic-Israel War (6-days war)
Israel atatcked Egypt, Syria and Jordania. It conquered Gaza, Cisjordania, East Jerusalem, Golan Highs and Sinaí Peninsule. -
Prague Spring
In 1968, the Czechoslovakia´s gobernment started some reforms in their country, which were a serie of political and economical changes. However, the USSR opposed to these changes, the Varsovia troops entered the country and forced the gobernment to take the Moscow political system. -
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Vietnam War (2nd Part)
The Vietcong offensive imposed their war supremacy obviousness.
In 1969, when USA´s president Richard Nixon assumed the charge, he promised to end the war. In 1973, a Halt Fire order treaty was signed, but the fight between North Vietnam and South Vietnam carried on until 1976, when North Vietnam won and the country joined in creating the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with a communist system which joined the Eastern Block. -
SALT I Treaty
In 1968, a treaty between the USA and the USSR was signed in order to avoid an inminent thermonuclear war, and in 1972 they signed the Salt I, which meant the limitation of the defensive estrategic nuclear weapons. -
Chile´s Coup
Until 1973, a communist gobern had been ruling in Chile. Because of the fear of a communist spread, the USA supported economically a coup to topple Chile´s President Salvador Allende. The coup was successful and a new gobern was created, which was presided by president Agusto Pinochet, who implanted a dictatorship and realized a horrible repression. -
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4th Arabic-Israel War (Yom Kippur War)
Israel is attacled by Egypt and Syria, and loses territory, but thanks to the help of the USA, it recovered the lost territory. -
Helsinki Accords (1973-1975)
From 1973 to 1975, the two superpowers reached a period of understanding and signed pacts with which they would be achieving a climate of relax and trusting in their relationships. -
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Increase of the Arms Race
During 1977 and 1985, an arms race started in both the USA and USSR. Ronald Reagan designed the "Star Wars" Plan, with which the USA would be able to destroy any soviet nuclear missiles. In the end the USSR couldn´t follow the rhytm of the Arms Race and entered a deep crisis. -
The USSR invades Afganistan
The USSR troops enter Afganistan in order to increase their influence areas in Asia. -
Iran Islamic Revolution
The Sah kingdom, which is allied with the USA is ended with the Islamic Revolution and started the nemesis of both countries, which reached its climax with the assault to the USA embassy in Teheran. -
Nicaragua´s Sandinist Revolution
A revolution in Nicaragua put end to the dictatorship there and established a nearly-communist system. -
Mijail Gorbachov
He was the USSR´s last president. He implanted some reforms inside the country, known as perestroika and glasnost, and designed a new policy to approach USA to stop the arms race which was collapsing the soviet economy. -
Soviet troops exit Afganistan
The troops of the Soviet Union exit Afganistan, putting end to 10 years of ocupation, and meant a defeat to the soviets. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification
The Berlin wall fell in october 1989, after almost 30 years of families being split up. The "two countries" reunificated in 1990. -
Varsovia Treaty dissolution and USSR disintegration
In 1991, Gorbachov resigned as president and the Cold War ended. The USSR disintegrated and many countries which were from it became new independant countries. The Soviet Union original region will now be called Russian Federation, with a democratic system.
