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The sepoys which are Indian soldier serving under the British in India, rebelled against the British since the cartridges in their rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. In order for the weapon to function successfully soldiers had to bite off the ends of the cartridges. The problem with this is that Hindus did not eat beef since they considered the cow sacred and Muslims did not eat pork. During this rebellion the sepoys captured the city of Delhi.
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In the year of 1858 India was taken under the British crown, making the British government have a direct dominion over India. During the reign of Queen Victoria, the term Raj was used to refer to the British rule. The Sepoy Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians, conflict arises with the racist attitudes of the British.
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The Indian National Congress is one political party of India that was founded in the December 28, 1885. Its founding members proposed economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the making of British policy for India.
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At the age of 24, Gandhi, decided to accept the job as an attorney in South Africa. On his journey towards South Africa, he was kicked out of a train even though he was in the first class compartment, not because he did not had the money or the education but because Gandhi was a Hindu.
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The province of Bengal was colossal for the British to administer it. The British decided to split the province in two sections, that being Hindus and Muslims. On of the reason the British decided to make this move was because having the Muslims and Hindus separated made it more difficult for them to become independent.
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Gandhi organizes his first protest against anti-Indian laws in South Africa.
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The Muslim League was created in the year 1906 as a nationalist group as an all India Muslim league. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India.
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Gandhi burns registration certificates outside the Hamidia mosque together with 3,000 other Satyagrahis on August 16. He was warned by the British to stop since he was damaging government property but Gandhi did not mind. Gandhi got whipped by British officers and got severely hurt, but that did not stop him from burning the certificates.
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Gandhi is arrested and sentenced to two months in prison for the first time in South Africa for refusing to carry an obligatory identity document card commonly known as the pass.
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Gandhi gives up European dress and restricts himself to a diet of fresh and dried fruit, encourages people to do the same to not help British economy. Gandhi starts making his own clothing with a weaving wheel and dressing all white to promote peace, he also cuts all of his hair. The reason for this is because Indians could only get their clothing from British stores and that would help British economy. Making his own cloth is a peaceful way to protest against the British.
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The Indian troops that survived from World War I and were serving the British returned home in 1918. Those enlisted Indian soldiers made a promise with the British for reforms that would lead to self-government and independence, instead they were still treated as second class citizens. This caused radical nationalists to take action for this injustice with violent acts to show their hatred against the British rule.
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The British were not content with Indians behavior and conduct so the British created the Rowlatt Acts in 1919. The Rowlatt Acts are laws that allowed the British government in India to jail anyone who opposes and protests against the British for as long as two years. In April 13, 1919, the Amritsar Massacre took place when 10,000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar, Punjab in protest of the Rowlatt act. A British Commander ordered his troops to shoot everyone without any warning.
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Civil disobedience was declared by the Indian National Congress which stated that everyone could deliberately and publicly refuse to obey unjust law in a nonviolent way to achieve independence. Gandhi set in motion civil disobedience in order to debilitate the British government so Indians and Muslim have a chance to get independent. Soon, civil disobedience will make British economy fall too.
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The Salt March was caused by Salt Acts since the British law stated that Indians could not buy salt from any other place than its own government. Salt had high sales taxes and and Indians and Muslims did not find agreeable to pay the British government, with the help of Gandhi they created the Salt March, a peaceful protest. Gandhi and his followers walked towards the seacoast to make their own salt by collecting seawater and evaporating it.
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Gandhi gets in jail for breaking India's Salt Laws. His peaceful protests are a threat to the British government, the protests are causing a great rebellion since Gandhi has gain a lot of followers prejudicing British power and economy.
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Mohandas Gandhi begins a hunger strike to protest caste separation of a new Indian constitution near Bombay, India. This new law would condone separate political representation for India's lowest social caste.
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The Government of India Act was approved by the British Parliament in the year of 1935. This allowed Indians and Muslims to have a local government with restricted democratic elections, but it was not fully independence.
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Gandhi visits Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Bombay, but is unable to work out an agreement that will keep India as a whole.
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With the war expenses and debt from World War II, the British Government decided to give up India. The only way to make a fair decision on who to inherit the power from the British, the decision was made to create an act called Partition. This act would make the easter region of India the nation of Pakistan and all the Muslims would live there. On July 16, 1947, the British House of Commons passed the Partition making India and Pakistan two separate nations with gaining their own independence.
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India’s Muslims and Hindus began fighting each other in the region of Kashmir, momentarily after their independence. In order to stop this battle the United Nations had to intervene in order to achieve an armistice between the two nations.
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Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu extremist named Nathuram Vinayuk Godse, who believed Gandhi was favoritizing Muslims in Delhi. All Gandhi wanted was peace between the two national groups.
