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G.I Bill
On 1944, a Congressional Act was passed to provide governmental subsidies for returning World War 2 veterans to gain more education or start a business. They are also known as "Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944" that gave away money to veterans mainly to study in colleges, universities, it also gave medical treatment and loans to buy houses or farms (businesses as well). The G.I Bill was passed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
Fat Man
Two nuclear bombs were dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th. These nuclear bombs were known as the Fat Man and the Little Boy. For almost 6 months the United States had made use of strategic fire-bombing in 67 Japanese cities and later believed the surrender of Japan would occur but the Japanese ignored the Declaration of July 26, 1945. President Truman then dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima and Fat Man over Nagasaki. -
House-Select Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
The HUAC was an investigating committee, its purpose was to investigate un-Anerican propaganda in the United States. The congressional committee focused on investigating Communist influence inside and outside the US government after WWII. The HUAC came into existence during the Cold War creating an intimidating atmosphere that produced dramatic but questionable about Communists American institutions such as Hollywood. -
Period: to
Cold War
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Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan came into existence when President Truman signed it. The Marshall Plan was a federal rescue plant to aid European nations on both sides of the war in rebuilding damaged industry. It was also meant to help prevent Communism spread during the war. -
Fair Deal
President Harry Truman had a plan and he named it the Fair Deal. His Fair Deal was intended to recommend that all Americans have health insurance, minimum wage may be increased, and that all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. Truman banned racial discrimination in federal government hiring practices & ordered an end to segregation in the military. As a result, minimum wages were increased and social security programs were expanded. Only extensions of some New Deal programs were enacted. -
Period: to
1950's
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McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy came to national prominence by beginning a probe to call out communists holding prominent positions. McCarthy capitalized a national paranoia doing so by proclaiming that communist spies were omnipresent; he was also America's only salvation. McCarthyism gave way to a greater increase of fear among Americans, a fear of a nuclear holocaust. Along with McCarthyism there was also the "HUAC" who targeted the Hollywood film industry for having Communist members. -
Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was a group of American writers who came to prominence around the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena which they wrote about. Beat culture included a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs & alternate forms of sexuality, as well as an interest in Eastern spirituality. The authors of the Beat Generation explored and influenced American culture and politics after World War 2. The Beat Generation began to slowly turn into hippies. -
North Korea invades South Korea
During 1945 Korea was divided along the 38th parallel, leaving the north occupied by the Soviets and the south by the Americans. Soon North Korea invaded the south on June 1950 withholding Stalin's foreknowledge and approval. President Truman sent American forces as aid acting in the name of the United Nations. Americans tended to provide the bulk of the UN forces in Korea; other nations fielded contingents. Chinese communist forces intervened and the danger for a much larger conflict expanded. -
Bill Haley and the Comets
Bill Haley and His Comets were an American rock and roll band that came into existence during 1952. The band was the earliest group of white musicians to bring rock and roll to an attention spike in America and the rest of the world. "Rock Around The Clock" became #1 in 1955. His music provided many young Americans an anthem for rebellion and call independence from their parents. Haley and his band demonstrated that white artists could take music from African Americans and reach popularity. -
Polio Vaccine
The Polio Vaccine was invented by an American doctor named Jonas Salk in 1953. Polio had been recorded to affect, cripple, and kill millions of people worldwide. The vaccine was virtually successful and eliminated the scourge. Polio was not as devastating as the plague or influenza but certainly affected many including President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Cases of Polio in the U.S dropped dramatically and a later version was developed by Albert Sabin. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Dr. Jonas Salk was an American biologist and physician. He is known for his research in discovering and developing one of the first successful vaccines. Dr. Salk perfected the polio vaccine and then distributed it freely in the nation's schools. Eventually the disease was eradicated. Salk's discovery began testing nationally and in 2 years his vaccine was widely available. Doctor Salk spent his last years searching for a vaccine against AIDS. His vaccine is appraised as a historical discovery. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey is a African American billionaire. Oprah as her own talk show and is known as a great philanthropist. Her show is known as the highest rated talk show ever in history and went on until 2011. Oprah established the Harpo Productions 1988. She is considered one of TIME's 100 most influential of the 20th century not only for African Americans but for every American. In 1996 she had her "Oprah Book Club" and in 2003 she was listed as the first African American female billionaire. -
Domino Theory
The Domino Theory was a 20th century foreign policy. The policy was promoted by the government of the U.S that speculated if one land in a region came under influence of Communists, then all would follow in a domino effect. The theory began with Eisenhower during the Vietnam War. The Domino Theory initialized the policy of containment as a government. If France's war effort in Southeast Asia failed then all communist governments would collapse. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v Board of Education was a debate between Linda Brown and an all white school. Linda Brown wanted to attend a school close to her house but was denied the ability to do so. Thurgood Marshall argued the debate and stated that separate but equal was a violation of equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. The conclusion of the debate agreed with Marshall. Warren also decided that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal. This court case overturned Plessy v Ferguson. -
First Hispanic SCOTUS judge- Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Sotomayor is famously known for being the fist Hispanic as well as the third woman to come into justice in the Supreme Court. She joined the government on August of 2009. She is a Latina woman who was nominated for the Supreme Court vacancy by President Barack Obama. She is a political figure, leader, and judge serving in the Supreme Court. She is a figure to the Hispanic society and the United States's as she is the first Hispanic known to come into office. -
Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley was a Memphis- born singer with a youthful voice, and had controversial sex appeal which helped popularize rock 'n' roll in mid 1950s. Elvis was a big contribution to the young generation of the time and was popularly known for both his music and film. His hit records and flamboyant style influenced American popular music from 1935-1977. His music also was drawn from black rhythms and traditional blues. Elvis became a symbol of youth to get rid of conventional borders. -
Little Rock 9
The little rock 9 was a group of African-American students that were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The problem with the little rock 9 was that the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school. Governor of Arkansas Orval Faustus did not allow these students to attend. The intervention of President Eisenhower was impacting to the African American movements. This is one of the most important events in the course of the A.A Civil Rights. -
Sputnik
Sputnik was the first artificial Earth satellite. Sputnik was successfully launched and entered Earth's orbit on October 4, 1957. The former Soviet Union shocked the world with its launch, giving way to the Space Race between the Soviets and the U.S. In response to Sputnik, America reshaped the educational system in effort to produce large number of scientists & engineers. Sputnik sparked U.S fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It also led to the creation of NASA. -
Orval Faubus
Orval Faubus was the governor of Arkansas at the time of the Little Rock 9 Crisis. Orval prevented these 9 students to get integrated in the high school. His attempt to prevent them from joining the school was so crucial that President Eisenhower had to intervene. Orval attempted to block integration of the school by using the national guard that eventually lead to confrontation with President Eisenhower and the final integration of the school. Orval defied the United States Supreme Court. -
Period: to
1960's
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Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
The SNCC was part of a United States political organization formed by Black college students. These black college students were dedicated to overturning segregation in the South and primarily giving young Blacks a stronger voice in America. Some of the movements of the SNCC was the "sit-in" movement which was a protest technique. These organization provided a larger role for younger African Americans in the use of Civil Rights and later became a more militant way to receive immediate change. -
Counter Culture
The Counterculture was came to rise in the 1960s. It was primarily composed of white middle-class youth usually referred to as hippies. The counterculture was against the Vietnam war and turned back on American beliefs because they wanted a society based on peace and love. Rock 'n' roll, drugs, and colorful clothes were part of their lifestyle. Many lived in San Francisco in large groups because of the vast amount of drugs available. The counterculture was a new generation to America. -
Politics (Nixon v Kennedy)
For the first time in history since the invention of the television, the debate between Richard Nixon and John Kennedy was televised. The televised debates were crucial to Kennedy's win in the election of 1960. Nixon on the other hand, had just undergone the flu. The Kennedy-Nixon debates had a major impact in a new era that was crafting a public image. Media exposure became essential for successful political campaigns. The role of television continued to play in the democratic processes. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries which is a international cartel that inflates the price of oil through limiting supply. Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and UAE are some of the prominent members. The Cartel compromised most of the Middle Eastern states and Venezuela. It was first organized in 1960. OPEC's aim was to control the access of oil prices. The power came mainly from Western oil companies and investors. The process also gradually strengthened non-Western powers. -
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the United States government. The Peace Corps provides technical assistance, helping people understand American culture and foreign cultures. President Kennedy created this federal agency and provided labor power to help developing countries improve their infrastructure, health care, education, and other societal programs. This was part of Kennedy's New Frontier vision that represented an effort by postwar liberals to promote American values. -
Bay of Pigs
The Cuban exiles launched an invasion, later known as "Bay of Pigs" on the south coast of Cuba. Fidel Castro came into power in 1959 and overthrew the Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. President Eisenhower approved the CIA plan to secretly train anticommunist Cuban exiles to launch the invasion & overthrow Fidel Castro's government in Cuba. As a result a new government was established under Castro and the reassessment of Cuba policy by Kennedy's administration. -
Freedom Riders
The freedom riders were a group of civil rights workers that took bus trips through southern states during 1961. Their goal was to protest against illegal bus segregation. It was primarily and assembly of people that "traveled" to segregated placed and to peaceful promote equality among Americans. In an occasion, a bus was burned and a riot in Montgomery was inevitably broken out President John F Kennedy intervened and ordered the federal Marshall to protect them from mainly white racist people. -
Albert Sabin
Albert Sabin was a Polish American medical researcher. Albert became a national hero when he discovered yet another medicine to combat polio. His polio vaccine was approved in 1955. His newly introduced oral polio vaccine replaced Salk's polio vaccine in the United States. The vaccine was tested outside the United States from 1957 to 1959 and was ultimately a successful "Sabin vaccine". The vaccine was used to eradicate polio throughout the world. He created the oral polio vaccine. -
Jack Ruby
After the assassination of President John F. Kennedy suspect murderer Lee Harvey Oswald was found guilty & arrested just an hour after. Ironically enough, Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner killed Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas just two days after JFK's assassination . Jack Ruby was convicted without a larger conspiracy. Both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby were investigated after the Committee appointed President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate them. Years later Jack Ruby dies of Cancer. -
Birmingham March
The Birmingham March or Campaign was a Martin Luther King movement that moved the new center of protest to Birmingham. Black protesters were typically working during this time and police attack these protesters. Black residents as a result of Birmingham fought back against the police and defended the activists. The president RFK was forced to negotiate wit city officials. As a result the SCLC agreed to end protests only if blacks were hired and desegregation ends. White people violently protest. -
Anti-War Movement
The Anti-War Movement was a protest mainly composed of students that began as a Free Speech movement in California and spread around the world. The movement was primarily a middle class cultural movement. All members of the Anti-War Movement commonly shared opposition to the war in Vietnam and did not want the U.S to join it. They believed if the U.S intervened it would be a violation of Vietnam's rights. As a result, activism grew on campuses and aimed to better the social reform. -
Assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. President Kennedy was visiting Texas in an aid to bring Democrats together all party leaders.Kennedy stressed the importance of winning Texas. Kennedy was in Dallas at the time riding in a parade to show support for the upcoming presidential election in 1964. Kennedy was shot twice by Lee Harvey Oswald and was pronounced dead at Parkland Hospital. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested an hour post the assassination and claimed to be working alone. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was an ex-Marine and communist sympathizer who is popularly known as being the assassin of President John F. Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of murdering JFK in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Oswald denied killing shooting anyone and called it a patsy but two days later he was transferred form the city jail to county jail. Just 4 days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Oswald was assassinated by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner in Dallas. -
Barry Goldwater
During President Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency he received many oppositions in particular from Republican Arizona senator Barry Goldwater in 1964. Goldwater attacked Social Security, federal income tax, the Tennessee Valley Authority, civil rights legislation, Great Society and the nuclear ban treaty. Goldwater considered religion a private business and voted against the Civil Rights Act because he believed it to be unconstitutional. Though Goldwater also believed in equality for America. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This act was meant to outlaw public segregation and discrimination of primarily African Americas. The act also forbade racial discrimination in the workplace. Racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers was now illegal and gave the government power, the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights. Most importantly, the desegregation of schools and public places was also crucial to the Civil Rights Movement. -
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was between North Vietnamese boats and U.S destroyers that became a gateway for the Vietnam War. The incident also drew the United States more directly into the Vietnam War. The Congressional resolution gave President Johnson the power to wage war in Southeast Asia. The resolution was controversial since it gave the President the authority to assist Southeast Asian countries whose government was jeopardized by communist aggression. -
Daisy Girl Ad
The Daisy Girl Ad was a way of advertising peace. President Lyndon B. Johnson campaigned this commercial but it was only aired once. The message of the commercial was that Johnson was better than the other running candidate because he promoted peace. The commercial was of a little girl peeling petals off to show that he is peaceful whereas Goldwater (opposing candidate) was destructive and that he wanted a destructive nuclear war; for him they used the bomb exploding. -
Great Society
The Great Society was President Johnson's version of Democratic reform program (sponsored social welfare programs). In 1965 the Congress passed many measures some of which were the Medicare, civil rights, and specifically the federal aid to raise education in America. The program reflected the New Deal inspirations for public support after America realized more than 20% of America suffered in poverty. This event is crucial because it allowed much of America to rise out of poverty. -
Civil Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1965 was a voting rights act. This act prohibited and invalidated the use of any testing or devices that deny the right vote to African Americans. It also authorized federal examiners to register voters within the disenfranchised blacks. More black became politically active and elected black representatives. The act brought jobs, contracts, and services for the black community. It also encouraged social equality and decreased the wealth, as well as the educational gap. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was a farm worker, labor leader, and especially a civil rights activist. Cesar Chavez helped form the National Farm Workers Association and later created the United Farm Workers. Along with his idea of United Farm Workers was feminist, Dolores Huerta. Cesar helped improve conditions for migrant farm workers as well as unionize them. He was a non-violent leader and organized his laborers in California where he held strikes against fruit & vegetable growers with Mexican-Americans. -
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party was an organization of revolutionists that resorted the extreme measures to promote their cause. The organization was fully African Americans that was established to promote Black Power. These organization was active from the mid 1960s-1970s. Black Panthers achieved national & international presence through their intense, deep involvement of their local community. This movement was one of the most important because it had proactive militant posture and cultural identity. -
New Fronteir
The New Frontier was the name given to President Kennedy's goals and policies towards the United States. Kennedy believed that Americans of the twentieth century had to rise to new challenges like achieving equality of opportunity for all Americans. The nickname was given for his domestic policy agenda. His program was buoyed by youthful optimism. The program included proposals for the Peace Corps as well as efforts to improve education and health care. -
Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the moon; it was the 5th human spaceflight of Project Apollo & 3rd human voyage to the Moon. Apollo 11 was also the second all veteran crew in manned spaceflight history. Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969 and it carried Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Eugene. Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the Moon! -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1969 to 1986 was Warren Burger. Burger was responsible for bringing the Court back to the right side after the Earl Warren years of coordination. Burger presided many major cases some of which involved abortion, death penalties, school desegregation, and affirmative action. President Nixon appointed Warren because he was looking for appointees that would strictly interpret the Constitution and would not engage in social and political questioning. -
Period: to
1970's
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Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment declared full constitutional equality for women. The amendment was passed both houses of Congress in 1972 but reached difficulty when anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly convinced state legislatures to vote against ratification. This amendment failed to reach to become part of the Constitution. The amendment was meant to prevent all gender based discrimination. The amendment was supported by the National Organization for Women but was not approved by 3/4th. -
Watergate
The Watergate scandal erupted when five men from CREEP were arrested after a failed attempt to bother the Democratic party headquarters. The problem rose in Washington white President Nixon was still in office. The CREEP vulgar members were found linked to Nixon. The CREEP group had also taken money from places and the suspicion was set in around Nixon, he was accused of receiving illegal help when being re-elected. Nixon tried to cover up his fault by cutting the tapes. Soon Nixon resigned. -
The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a public policy that promotes the principles that make America great; limited government, free enterprise, freedom, American values, and nation defense. It mainly had conservative ideas. The foundation was meant to promote conservative policies. It is also a research and educational institution. Mainly the foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement while President Reagan was in. This event is important because it worked to conserve American values. -
Jimmy Carter's Presidency
Jimmy Carter was the President of the United States during 1977. Jimmy Carter was a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgia. He beat Gerald Ford in 1976. During his presidency he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel during 1978. His policy was tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis of 1979. Carter tried to bring America's spirit because of the economic decline but failed to stop the rapid inflation. Jimmy Carter later received the Nobel Prize in 2002. -
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were administered by President Jimmy Carter. They were peace accords singed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes. This achievement is one of the most popular of Jimmy Carter's presidency. This historical peace agreement negotiated many of Israel's and Egypt's problems. There was a presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland. Israel agreed to return Egyptian territory and negotiate Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank & Gaza Strip. -
The Moral Majority
The Moral Majority was a political group that was made up primarily of fundamentalist Christians. The group showed that Americans were starting to worry about the morality of their society. The agenda was compromised of evangelical Christian-oriented political people. It was formed by Jerry Falwell and then followed by conservative Christian political action committees. This committee campaigned on issued that maintained Christian conception for legislation that bans abortion and homosexuality. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
The Iran Hostage Crisis; 444 days American workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries soon after the Muslim fundamentalists overthrew their oppressive regime of American-backed shah which force him to exile. The revolutionaries caused an energy crisis by cutting off Iranian oil trade. The Carter administration failed to rescue, and return the shah to Iran for trial which caused the crisis to erupt. The crisis ended with the release of the hostages the day Reagan became president. -
Robert Johnson
Robert Johnson was the founder of BET (Black Entertainment Television) and soon sold the program to Viacom in 2001. Johnson is known to be the first African American to become a billionaire in the history of African Americans. Johnson was also the most important blues singer known to America and perhaps the whole world. Johnson was surrounded with the myth that he sold his soul to the devil for fame since he had risen from literally nothing in Mississippi. Johnson helped to define rock 'n' roll. -
The New Right
The New Right was an outspoken conservative movement during the 1980s. The New Right emphasized social issues like the opposition of abortion, Equal Rights Amendment, affirmative action and more sensitive topics like pornography and homosexuality. This movement helped Ronald Reagan in his election and was partly in response to the counter-culture protests of the 60s. The movement was compromised of evangelical Christian groups. The New Right also had distrust of eastern establishment. -
Election of 1980
The Election of 1980 had Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter as running candidates. Most Republicans nominated Ronald Reagan against the unlikable Democrat Jimmy Carter. Reagan won in a landslide because he was very popular and the the Iran Hostage Crisis gave him some votes. Carter was only able to win six states which put the Republicans back in control for the 1st time in 25 years. Carter lacked managerial skills. Americans were also not pleased with Carter's administration and the "ABC". -
Reaganomics
Reaganomics is the popular name given to President Ronald Reagan's philosophy of "supply side" in economics. His economic plan combined tax cuts, balanced budget with unregulated marketplace, and less government spending. The goal was to reduce the size of the federal government as well as stimulate economical growth. The policies had a combined monetarists fiscal policy along with the supply-sides. Reagan called i the "second American Revolution for hope and opportunity". -
Period: to
1980's
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A.I.D.S Crisis
The AIDS Crisis or Epidemic was first diagnosed in the United States in 1981. The AIDS Crisis didn't receive much attention. The epidemic was viewed as a gay man's disease. Many Americans with Victorian views believed men were finally getting what they deserved for their sin and perversion. Over 32,000 people died of AIDS in a 7 year time span. The Reagan administration was very slow to respond to the epidemic because effects of the virus were not completely understood, it was simply immoral. -
Reagan Presidency
In 1980, actor & governor of California was elected for President. During his presidency Reagan was able to reduce social spending, cut taxes, and even increase military defense spending. Though he did good to America he was still criticized for cutting programs like the housing and school lunches as well as increasing the federal deficit. His major event was the economic reforms that appeared to be functioning. He did little for the AIDS epidemic and signed the arms-control treaty with Soviets. -
Space Shuttle Program
The Space Shuttle Program was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011. The program was administered by NASA and officially began in 1972. Some of NASA's space shuttle fleet are Columbia, Challenger, Atlantis, Endeavor, and Discovery. These space shuttles help construct the International Space Station and was manifested through the next generations. Columbia was the first space shuttle launched, followed by Discovery,Challenger, Atlantis, and Endeavor. -
Music Television (MTV)
MTV became a cultural event during the 1980s. MTV was widely watched by teens during the 80s and eventually began being utilized by political groups to reach the youth vote. MTV was launched in 1981, primarily for music Television. MTV started in small market of New Jersey on cable and soon enough became a sensation. A vast generation of kids grew up watching music videos and made it their source of entertainment. MTV also started the careers of several famous musicians to come in USA. -
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan Doctrine was United States support offered anywhere in the world to show support for anti-communist activity. The United States supplied missiles in Afghanistan and in Grenada they ousted a pro-Marxist government. The U.S also gave money as well as military support to military governments in El Salvador. America wanted to restore pride & confidence. It was implemented to oppose global influence of Soviets by Reagan administration. It was created to open doors for capitalism. -
Iran Contra Affair
The Iran-Contra Affair was a scandal which erupted right after the Reagan administration was selling weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing the American hostages captured in Lebanon. Money that was received from the arms sales was used to aid the anti-Communist insurgents (Contra) that were in Nicaragua despite the fact that Congress had prohibited that assistance. The idea of impeaching Reagan came to an end when the presidential aides took blame for the illegal activity committed. -
Little Richard
Richard Wayne Penniman is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. Little Richard's work was very popular during the mid-1950s and had very dynamic and charismatic rock and roll music. His music was key to influence numerous singers and musicians across music from rock and roll to rhythm and blues. His song "Tutti Frutti" became very popular in America awarding him a "Lifetime Achievement Award" . Little Richard was a great influence for American rock and roll music. -
Challenger Explosion
In 1986, American space shuttle Challenger exploded within the 73 seconds of boarding. All passengers were killed. It is believed that the explosion was caused by a faulty seal in the fuel tank. As a result the shuttle program was halted while waiting for investigators as well as officials to draw up new safety regulation. It was resumed in 1988 with the flight of the discovery. NASA made efforts focused on space shuttles which were capable of navigating in space & landing on Earth. -
George H.W Bush
George H.W Bush was the 41st president of the United States after being president Ronald Reagan's vice-president. Bush's policies and ideals were derived mainly from his predecessor and were fully built on them. Bush served as a emissary to China, ambassador to the UN, congressman, director of CIA, and vice-president. While in presidency, Bush sent troops to overthrow the Manual Noriega in Panama. Bush led the United States to success in the Gulf War, which forced Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. -
Period: to
1990's
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Persian Gulf War/ 1st Iraq War
The First Persian Gulf War happened during 1991 and right after Iraq had invaded Kuwait. The United States invaded Iraq in hopes of liberating Kuwait. Unfortunately, Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire just so that Americans could not get control of the oil in Kuwait. The conflict extended and caused the United States to set military bases in Saudi Arabia. This was also called Operation: Desert Storm. The Diplomatic war was fought by the United Nation authorized coalition which was led by USA. -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney King was an African Americans who suffered a violent altercation with police officers. Video footage was recorded of the police men that were beating him after they had chased him 115-mph through LA. He eventually ended allegedly lunging at one of the officers. Because of this he received 56 harsh blows from nightsticks, all of it while a dozen other police officers just stood by the violence and watched. The Police Department officers are known as Laurence Powell and Timothy Wind. -
Bill Clinton
President Bill Clinton came into office in January of 1993 as the first democratic president since Jimmy Carter had come into office, he was also a self-proclaimed activist. Clinton had a very domestic agenda for the United States. When he came into office he was known for having many controversial appointments. Clinton also tried to push trough a national health care plan but did not go trough with it; it failed. One of his most controversial affairs was with intern Monica Lewinsky. -
World Trade Center Attack- 1993
The World Trade Center Attack occurred in 1993 when terrorists intentionally drove a truck with a bomb underneath it and detonated it. Most of the parking garage was gutted, but still the buildings stood up, this was until the two planes hit the twin towers in 2001. The attack happened in a regular day when the community was buying and selling goods in the main work. The plan to bring the towers down failed but did kill six people and injured thousands. The terrorists were caught and charged. -
Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy
The Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy was created as a compromise.The policy was meant to restrict the United States military from calling out secretly gay, lesbian, or bisexual service members, but can still place a barrier for people who admit to be gay or bisexual from joining in to the military, this was all during Clinton's term. The "don't ask" means that superiors can't investigate the sex preference of a member. But it also says that mere suspicion of the behavior can be investigated. -
North American Free Trade Agreement
The North American Free Trade Agreement was an established organization between Mexico, Canada, and the United States, coming into effect in January of 1994. NAFTA created a free-trade area among these countries and worked to provide tariff-free movements. Such movements were of goods and products, telecommunications, financial services, investment, and protection of patent within & between the signatories of their area. As a result, net gain in jobs was thanks to the Mexican markets opened. -
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
The Defense of Marriage Act was passed to Congress in 1996. It was meant to define marriage to be between only a man and a women. Though the act was passed many states, businesses, and companies extended benefits to the same sex partners. Many states legalized same sex-marriages with the restrictions. The act was signed into law by president Bill Clinton. DOMA denied many important protections and responsibilities to same-sex marriages. It was eventually ruled unconstitutional in 2013. -
Lionel Sosa
Lionel Sosa is a political figure, judge, as well as a leader in the Supreme Court. Lionel is known for being the first Hispanic justice on the Supreme Court. Lionel Sosa along with Sonia Sotomayor are great contributors to the expansion of America. They were both Hispanic role models for their community as they are part of the government. Lionel is also the founder of Sosa, Aguilar & Associates, Bromley Communication, and Bromley as well as the largest Hispanic advertising agency in America. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Bush vs Gore
The Bush vs Gore care rose up primarily because of voting confusion. The case ruled in favor of Bush by stating that the recount of votes in counties of Florida was unconstitutional due to the equal protection of the law. Gore wished to make it simple and painless but his wish backfired. The 2000 election would not continue because of inconsistent evaluation and violation of equal protection clause. As a result, the ruling was in favor of Bush. Bush would now win the election against Gore. -
George W. Bush
President George W. Bush was a Republican nominee during the election of 2000. Bush is the eldest son of previous President George H.W Bush. Bush was considered to be reckless, and definitely not a person to unite but rather divide. Bush challenged the research in global warming, his opposition of abortion, and the limited research on embryonic stem cells. Bush also allowed his Vice President Cheney to carry out his administration's energy policies that was taking place behind doors. -
George W. Bush Presidency
President George W. Bush was the 43rd president and also the former governor of Texas. He came into office during 2001. Bush won presidency against Al Gore. Bush passed many education acts like the No child Left Behind. Bush also had a declaration against terrorism and for the liberation of Afghanistan as well as the invasion of Iraq. George W. Bush was said to be reckless during his presidency but ironically enough served a second term when he was re-elected in the year of 2004. -
9/11 Attacks
The 9/11 attacks occurred on September 11, 2001. Four planes were hijacked by extremists and were used as missiles. The four planes were hijacked by 19 militant Islamist men and were aiming to crash them into important American settings. Two of the planes hit the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and caused the towers to collapse, this was after the bomb in the garage. The second plane crashed into the Pentagon in Washington. The fourth one was overthrown by the passengers. -
Patriot Act
The Patriot Act was enacted after the September 11 attacks. Congress had passed a security legislation, it was primarily to make the country a lot safer and protect against the terrorist attacks. The Patriot Act also gave the authorities further powers. Some of the powers enhanced were such like looking up the library records and to protect the country. The act allowed the government for greater access to electronic communications. Some Americans criticized it as violation of civil liberties. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act was meant to mend a broken public education system. The act was passed by the Bush administration and aided in standardized testing. The act was also linked to federal money and the state action requiring the states to have high standards for all the students in the United States. The evaluation process was thoroughly through the standardization of testing. The law was also very controversial because it had a link with the standardization of federal funding. -
2nd Iraq War
The Second Iraq War was mainly a Diplomatic war and a military campaign that initiated during 2003. The war began with the invasion of Iraq by the multinational force led by the troops from the United States and the United Kingdom. Saddam Hussein was the leader of the time and was overthrown. Saddam was overthrown because he was accused of having stockpiles of weapons that were mass destruction. President Bush declared war on 2003 and the dictator was soon overthrown. The war lasted until 2011. -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama was the forty-fourth president of the United States. He is very controversial for becoming the first African American elected into office and the first African American president. Barack Obama was a lawyer and community organizer when he lived in Chicago, Obama and he served in Illinois State Senate a time before being elected for President in 2004. A primary election was held for Senator Hillary Clinton and Obama. He sealed the Democratic's nomination and defeated John McCain. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) "Obamacare"
The Affordable Care Act known as the Obamacare was an extension of Medicaid. It was compromised with most of the employers were required to provide health insurance, prevent rejection based on a pre-existing condition, and have an insurance for face surtax. The Obamacare was signed into law in 2010. The act was passed mainly to increase quality and affordability of the health insurances. It was also used to reduce the costs of healthcare for many individuals as well as for the government.
