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South Carolina fires on Fort Sumter starting the Civil War -
The surrender of General Robert E. Lee to General Ulysses S. Grant is signed. -
the Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery.
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America assesses how to integrate all the newly freed slaves into everyday society. -
Abraham Lincoln is shot and killed by James Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. -
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The fourteenth Amendment guarantees citizenship to all people born in the U.S. (exclusive of Natives) -
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The fifteenth Amendment gives African American men the right to vote. -
The act ends recognizing Indian tribes as sovereign nations. Policies about Natives will be made through law and executive decision. -
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Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. -
General Custer's troops are defeated by the Sioux and Cheyenne at Little Big Horn River, Montana.
General Custer and 274 cavalrymen are killed. -
Jim Crow laws establishes racial segregation in the U.S. Named after a minstrel routine (called Jump Jim Crow) from 1828 -
Troops leave the South, ending the occupation of the former Confederacy and the protection afforded the free slaves. -
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J.D. Rockefeller creates the Standard Oil Trust. Owns 90% of the oil in America. He is also the first American to have a worth over 1 billion dollars. -
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The Dawes Act permits the president to divide Native lands into individual allotments to be held in trust for twenty-five years, with "surplus" lands to e sold to non-Natives. This led to Natives losing roughly 90 million acres of land by the time the Act was repealed in 1934. -
U.S. Calvary massacres over 200 Sioux Natives. -
Act ends monopolies in America. -
Trial upholds segregation in transportation. -
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U.S. acquires Puerto Rico and a portion of Cuba (Guantanamo) and the Philippines and Guam. Cuba becomes an independent country. -
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Gas-powered plane Flyer 1 covers 852 feet in a 59-second flight in North Carolina. -
Supreme Court rules Rockefeller's oil company violates the Sherman Antitrust Act. Standard Oil is broken into several other oil companies. Rockefeller actual profits more from competition in the market. -
The Great War begins with the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. -
