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Stalin promise at yalta and Sino-Russian treaty that he would evacuate troops from Manchuria within 3 weeks of occupation and complete withdrawal within 3 months
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Soviet force under Marshal Rodion Malinovsky swept in quicky and were joined by additional striking forces from OUter Mongolia 2 days later, penetrating deep into Jehol and Chahar and faciliated the entry of CCP troops into Manchuria, where USSR turned over considerable amount of Japanese supplies and armament.
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With the collapse of Japan in sight, Mao declared the time has arrivred for the CCP to mount a general offensive.
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Chu Teh, commander of the Poeple's LIberation Army (PLA) ordered his troops to seize all towns, cities and communication centers under Japanese occupation and to recieve the enemy's surrender and millitary supplies.
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Chiang asked CCP to refrain from independent actions and ordered the Japanese and puppet forces to hold out against non-Natinoalist armies. Chu Teh denounced Chiang as pro-Japanese and directly asked the Japnese commander-in-chief in China , Okamura Yasuji, to surrender to the communist representatives. To over some communist geographical advantage, Chinag ask for USA aid.
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Lin Piao led a 100,000-man army along the Peipinf-Mukden Railway, striking into Manchuria. Withing 2 weeks of the Japanese surrender, the communists expanded thier territory from 116 to 175 counties.
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Chiang ordered Okamura to maintain order and keep all millitary supplies inside occupied territory.
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Okamura was told to allow passage only of Natinalist troops to the occupied territory. The Japnese complied fully.
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Chinag in an effort to solve problems with the CCP and to achieve rapprochement invited Mao to a conference in Chungking. Mao flew there, accompanied by American envoy, Patrick Hurley
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New policy called for continuing support of the Nationalist government on the condition that it not employ American arms to conduct a civil and that it thrive to reach a settlement with the Communists. Repudiating the former policy of unconditional support.
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Patrick Hurley accused carrer official of the USA of plotting behind his back, siding with the CCP.President Truman appointed General George Marshall the most distinguished soldier in WWII as a peicail presidential ambassador to China. To assist the Natinalist gov. in re-establishing its authourity, including Manchuria, but not involve the USA in any direct millitary intervention. To urge Chiang to call a conference of all major parties to deliberate on the cession of the civil war & unification
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Marshall found both parties receptive to his ediation (1)ceasefire in Civil War (2)convocation of a Political Consultative Conference to deliberate the formatoin of a coalition government (3)integration of the KMT and CCP forces into a national army
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Government entered Changchun and Mukden 3 weeks later
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he commited KMT and CCP to calling a Political Consulative Conference, an immediate ceasefire and a restoration of communication. A tripartite Executive HQ was created, consisting of one Natinlaist, one Communist and one American member= dicision is unanimous. Similar team sent to field to supervise ceasefire.
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Natioailst, 5 times bigger army over Commmunist confident to crush the CCP, CCP sneered at 'paper tiger' Natinalist
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agreement regarding the relative strength of the KMT and the CCP forces and the integration of the 2 into a natinal army. Resolve that within a year KMT forces to reduce to 90 divisions and CCP to 18, follow by further redutino to 50 and 10.
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1000 officers under General Wesemeyer, Communist forces included in US training program and recieve US armament before integrating into Nationalist forces
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to arrange a loan of $500 million from Export-Import Bank. Marshall's absence tested Nationalist and CCP sincerity
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local clashes turned into large scale fighting in Marshall's absence
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CCP dealt Natinalist a severe blow with occupation in Manchuria, it demandded an upward revision of the millitary deployment ratio in Manchuria from 1 to 5 CCP divisoins vis-a-vis KMT's. Chiang agrily rejected and ordered full-blown attack,resulting in recovery of Chungchun in May
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15 days truce arranged, but both party felt that Marshll obstructed thier ultimate victory. By mid-1946 Marshall's influence has waned.
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open disregard of PCC resolution thT NO SUCH asembly should be called before the formation of a coalition gov.
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Natinalist won practically every battle from July to September, CCP accused US of usnig Marshall as smoke screen while underwriting Chiang's civl war.
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Nationalist captured 165 towns and 174000 km square of territory from the Communists.
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End of US mediation on the Civil War
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pursued by 400000 Nationalist troops, by June, CCp liberated areas shrunk by 191000 km squared and 18 million population
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corwning success
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CCP army expanding steadily, reaching 1.95 million compared with KMT 3.73 million, general offensive CCP scored victory in Honan and northern Hopeh
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Urge for Reform and USA assistance. Made little impression on either Chiang or Marshall
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Illegal National Assebmly adopted new constitutino, reaffirming Three People's Principles as the basic philosophy of the state, the 5-yuan gov, and the people's 4 rights-initiation, referendum, election and recall
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Lin Piao army inflicted losses of 150000on the crack Natinalist army. Nationlist pressed into small triangular area between Changchun, Mukden,and Chinchow < 1% of Manchuria.. Lin smothered the Nationalist troops
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100000 gov. troops destroyed
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Mancurian campaign cost Chiang 470000 of his best troops, mortal blow to the morale in entire gov. army.
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General Fu surrendered with 200000 troops. BY January, Nationalist has lost one and a half million men.
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Nationalist lost 20000 men and 2 well-known generals. Mao now pressed to Nanking
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refugee gov. seek asylum in Canton
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