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Napoleon Bonaparte born in Corisca, on August of 1769, in a family belonged to a high social class.
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At the age of 16, Napoleon joined to the artillery of France army, with the employment of lieutenant, in 1785.
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The last decades of the 18th century in France, were caracterised by a very important crisis. First, due to the continiuosly increase in the worsening of the economic factor due to decades of bad harvests and also because of the enormous debt accumulated as a result of the war against Great Britain, and the military support to the American Revolution. For this, the king imposed clergy and nobility to pay taxes, something which didn´t seems good to them and derive into a political crisis too.
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Because of this crisis who flog France, the king call up to the three main estates of the country to take a decision. The clergy and nobility were in favour of 1 vote per estate, but the Third Estate who represents the 98% of population, logically demand 1 vote per person. However, the voting took place and there were one vote per estate. The clergy and nobility side together and impose the measures which benefit them.
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As a result of this unequal voting, the third Estate leaders decide to abandoned the Estates General and created a National Assembly in the tennis court Oath, promising to create a constitution.
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Ordinary people increase them violence and took the Bastile, as a sign of revolution, and peasants, began to attack nobles in the countryside, known as great fear. For this, the National Assembly adopted its first measures or laws to renew the Old Regime goverment. Some of them were the striking of feudal system, the declaration of mans and citizens rights and the creation of the First France Constitution, which promove the division of powers, constitutional monarchy and universal suffrage.
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The king accepted the Constituion, and people voted for a new govern, that will be called as the Legislative Assembly, a moderate and democratic govern, in which nobles were against it and another group called jacobins wanted more and deeper reforms.
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Countries like Austia or Prussia began a war with France because of the repercussion of the revolutions in them countries.
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Due to the tense situation in France, the monarch and his family tried to escape from the country, but they were discovered, and as a consequence take in prison by the govern.
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In 1792, new elections were celebrated, with the universal male suffrage. The National Convention was approved like the goverment. These goverment was radical, and abolished the monarchy, prompted the republic, and executed the kings by the guillotine. For these execution, British and Dutch Republic joined Austria in the First Coalition. At the same time, in France, there were two social groups, the Jacobins and the Girondins.
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With the war against the First Coalition, the people of France thought that they were in danger, so helped to the Jacobins, headlines by Robespierre, to took the power. These period, was known as the Reign of Terror, because the Committe of Public Safety with the radical revolutionaries, executed more than 50000 people by the guillotine, including the clergymen and the nobles. All of these movement was leadered by the dictator Robespìerre. In 1794, he lose support and was executed by guillotine.
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With the execution of Robespierre, a new moderate goverment called the Directory, began. These new form of goverment made a new constitution in 1795, that recognised the censitarian suffrage and the separation of powers too. The France society was divided into two groups, that were:
Radicals, that wanted a more egalitarian society.
Royalists, that wanted to reintroduce the monarchy. -
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At the age of 27 years, Napoleon Bonaparte was named general.
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France, that took part of the Second Coalition, achieved many victories in wars and reconquered many territories with the name of Napoleon Bonaparte. These man, Napoleon Bonaparte, was converted a leader in France, and he was extremely popular.
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With the several victories of Napoleon in the war against the first Coalition,and thanks he was very popular, in november of 1799, he carried out a coup d´état, and he was proclamed the First Consul, creating the Consulate.
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In 1802, he made himself "Consul for life".
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In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor.
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As a emperor, Napoleon had absolute power, something that allow him to develop the reforms and the ideas of the Revolution. He made all people to pay taxes and created the National Bank of France, as well as he was the ground-breaking of the public education, building up the lyceé education system. He estabilished the Napoleon Code based on the principles of the French Revolution, and he govern with absolutely freedom and tolerance in religion. Then he centred on the expansion of the empire.
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Napoleon conquer and defeated the nations of Austria and Russia, in the battle of Austerlitz in Moravia.
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After he defeated the austro-russian army, the Germanic Empire was disolved, the nation of Germany abandoned this empire and sign in peace with Napoleon Empire, forming the Rhin Confederation, composed by a serie of principalities and ducats that were allied ith Napoleon.
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Napoleon invaded Berlin in the Battle of Jena, and he also made some western territories of Prussia to form part of the Rhin Confederation.
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The French army arrived on Spain with the false intention of be a bridge to conquer Portugal, and invaded it with the Bayona abdications and the named of Joseph I Bonaparte as Spanish king.
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Napoleon dominate a empire from France to the borders of Russia.
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Since a long time tying it, Napoleon storm in Moscow in the Moscowa battle. However, the inteligence of the russians who has abandoned the city and fired it, made Napoleonic people to turn into hunger, and the strong cold cause the debilitation of the army, and as a consequence, the abandoned of Russia
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Due to the quantity of men lost in Russia, Napoleon Empire was in weakness, something which Great Britain and Prussia know and began a war against it. Accordingly his empire was defeated in the Waterloo battle of 1815 and he was sent to exile at the island of Saint Helena.
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The path of Napoleon in the European territories made the principal ideas of the French Revolution to spread around them, and it cause a significant change in the Europe structure.
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Louis XVIII was crowned as an absolute king, but, due to the occurrences, in an environment of equality, constitutionally and democratic monarchy , mainteining the Napoleon Code and religious freedom.
