Henry VIII and his children begin bringing Ireland under English rule
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British colonists have formed a large, thriving settlement along eastern shore of North America
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French colonize part of the Americas
Charles I takes the throne of England
Charles I brings Parliament back together after dissolving it
Charles I dissolves Parliament & refuses to call it back together
Charles I attempts to force a version of Anglican bible on Presbyterian Scots
Parliament passes laws to limit royal power
Charles I vainly attempts to arrest Parliament
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The English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell begins leading the Puritans in the war
Cromwell's army begins defeating Cavaliers
Puritans hold Charles I prisoner
Charles I faces public trial and execution
Cromwell and his army crush an uprising in Ireland
Oliver Cromwell abolishes monarchy and the House of Lords
Parliament passes the Navigation Act
Cromwell sends home remaining members of Parliament
Parliament votes for Charles II to ascend the English throne
Charles II arrives in England
Law passed by Parliament called Habeas Corpus
James II inherits throne to England
James II's wife gives birth to a son
No British king can rule without consent of Parliament
James II flees to France upon discovering William and Mary's intention of overthrowing him
Parliament drafts Bill of Rights
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Potential problem between Parliament and ruler(s) solved by creation of the cabinet
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The population of colonial America grows from about 250,000 to about 2,150,000
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France is considered the most advanced country in Europe
England and Scotland become united
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The French and Indian War
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the rule of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
George III is made king of England
Parliament passes the Stamp Act
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the Old Regime remains in place in France
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France's government is in extreme debt
Colonists throw all their tea imported from England into teh harbor
Representatives from most colonies gather to form the First Continental Congress
The British and colonists fight the first battle of the American Revolution
The Second Continental Congress issues the Declaration of Independence
France comes to the aid of the Americans in the American Revolution
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the economy in France begins declining
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France begins to have bad weather, causing widespread problems with crops and shortage of grain
The British general Cornwallis surrenders to Washington
The Americans create the Articles of Confederation
Napoleon Bonaparte, at the age of 16, becomes a lieutenant in the French Army when the French Revolution breaks out
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colonists in Latin America who are aware of the Enlightenment and shocked at the news of the American and French Revolutions
Bankers refuse to lend money to the gevernment and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Congress approves a Constitutional Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation
the first session of the Constitutional Convention is held
The delegates of the Constitutional Convention signed the new Constitution
the Estates-General is held for the first time in 175 years
The Estates General is held for the first time in 175 years
The delegates of the Third Estates voted to establish the National Assembly to proclaim the end of absolute monarchy and the beginning of a representative government
The delegates of the Third Estates vote to establish the National Assembly to proclaim the end of Absolute Monarchy and the beginning of a representative government
the French people, in search of gunpowder, storm the Bastille, overwhelming and brutally killing all guards and officers
French noblemen make eloquent speeches on their love for liberty and equality
enraged about the price of bread, Parisian women storm into the Palace at Versailles, demanding that Louis and Marie Antoinette return to Paris
Enraged about a piece of bread, Parisian women storm into the Palace at Versailles, demanding that Louis and Marie Antoinette return to Paris
France has a shortage of bread and many experience starvation
Enlightenment ideas reach France; planters in Saint Dominique demand to have the same rights as the French people
Louis XVI and his family attempt to escape from Paris and into the Austrian Netherlands
Haitian man named Toussaint L'Ouverture leads Haitian slaves in a revolt
By 1791, France has undergone many governmental changes, and National Assembly has completed the new constitution with Louis' signature
Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria & Prussia
French men and women invade the Tuileries and massacred the royal guards, imprisoning Louis XVI and his family
all throughout September, French nobles, priests, and royalist sympathizers fall victim to angry mobs in September massacres
mobs of angry French peasants murder thousands of prisoners in French prisons in the September Massacres
The Guillotine is created
King Louis XVI is put on trial and executed
France's army recruits all citizens (including women) between the ages of 18 and 40
France's army recuits all citizens (including women) between the ages of 18 and 40
Great Britain, Holland, and Spain joined forces with Prussia and Austria to fight against France
Charlotte Corday murders Jean-Paul Marat
Maximilien Robespierre is made leader of the Committee of Public Safety
French writer Olympe de Gouges is declared an enemy of the Revolution and executed
Maximilien Robespierre slowly gains power
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many radicals who fought to change France in the Revolution received death sentences from Robespierre
Georges Danton is sentenced to death
the French army has grown up to 800,000 in number
Maximilien Robespierre declares that terror "flows" from virtue
Napoleon Bonaparte fights off French royalists attempting to attack the National Convention
National Convention drafts a new plan of government
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Napoleon Bonaparte slowly begins to gain power in France
The Directory appoints Napoleon to lead a French army against Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia
Britain, Austria, and Russia work together to bring Napoleon from power; they all sign peace agreements with France to end the wars
Napoleon takes advantage of the Directory's loss over control of the government to seize political power
Napoleon - by an overwhelming vote from the people - is made the first consul
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Napoleon's victories have given him control over most of Europe
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major political upheaval in Europe caused mainly by the French Revolution
Napoleon attmepts to take ack Saint Domingue from the slave revolt, but fails
Napoleon sends French troops over to Saint Domingue to try and remove L'Ouverture from power
L'Ouverture agrees to halt the revolutions
for the first time in a decade, there is widespread peace in Europe
Toussaint L'Ouverture is accused of planning future uprisings against the French and is imprisoned, where he later dies
Napoleon sells the Louisiana territory to the Americans for $15 million
Napoleon declares himself emperor
the Battle of Austerlitz
the Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon sets up a blockade in hopes of destroying the economy of Britain
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the French Empire is undoubtedly the biggest power in Europe but extremely unstable
Napoleon's army invades Spain and Portugal
Napoleon attmepts to conquer Spain by placing his brother on the throne; this infuriated th Spanish people and fired up their feelings of nationalism
Padre Miguel Hidalgo calls for a rebellion against the Spanish
rebellions break out in multiple parts of Latin America
Napoleon's wife Marie Louise gives birth to child Napoleon II
Venezuela declares its independence from Spain
the Spanish army defeats the uprising of Miguel Hidalgo and his people
Napoleon and his army march into Russia
Napoleon's army and Alexander I's army battle at the Battle of Borordino
Napoleon decides to retreat out of Russia & back to France
Napoleon makes the grave mistake of attmepting to attack Russia in the winter
Napoleon controls all of Europe, except for the major lands of Britain, Portugal, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
the War of 1812
the last survivors of the battles against the Russians make it back into France
Austria declares war on France; many of the large powers of Europe take advantage of France's weakness and attack Napoleon
Napoleon's forces are easily defeated in January by the forces of Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Sweden, and the united forces advance steadily towards Paris
Napoleon accepts terms of surrender and is exiled to the island of Elba
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The Congress of Vienna
Napoleon makes his glorious return to France
Napoleon attacks, beginning the Battle at Waterloo, and later on in the day, the British and and the Prussians defeat Napoleon
Czar Alexander I, Prussian king Frederick William III and Austrian emperor Francis I sign the Holy Alliance
France, at this point in time, is very politically divided
Creole officer Agustin de Iturbide defeats Jose Maria Morelos
Argentina declares its independence
Jose de San Martin leads an army on a march across the Andes to Chile
Simon Bolivar takes his army across the Andes Mountains and, by taking the Spanish army by surprise, is victorious in the following battle
a liberal group takes power in Spain in a revoltion
Napoleon dies on iskand of St. Helena
Bolivar wins Venezuela its independence from Spain
Jose de San Martin plans to drive the remaining Spanish forces out of Lima, Peru
Agustin de Iturbide proclaims Mexico's independence from Spain
multiple Central American states declare their independence from Spain and from Mexico
Brazil wins independence in a bloodless revolution
Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin meet and discuss how to drive out remaining Spanish forces
Creoles demand Brazil's independence from Portugul
Agustin de Iturbide is overthrown
Central American states finally receive their independence
Simon Bolivar, with a larger, unified army (consisting of San Martin's army also), is victorious at the Battle of Ayacucho against the Spanish
European revolution caused by spirit of the French Revolution
European revolution caused by spirit of the French Revolution
French noblemen make eloquent speeches on their love for liberty and equality
