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France and Britain at War
France declares war with Britain -
Britain Blockades Fance
A turning point in the war; the British Navy blockaided the French coast and stopped all nuetral trade -
U.S.S Chesapeke
Captain James Barron spots two British Warships, one of which, was the H.M.S Leapord, pulled alongside, pulled along side trhe Chesapeke. Barron did not let the British search for deserters, the Leapard open fired, the British boarded the Chesapeke, taking four sailors -
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War of 1812
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Jefferson passes the Embargo Act of 1807
After France and Britain abused American nuetrality, by siezing ships, impressing soldiers, and stopping trade. The Embargo Act forbid any ships and sailors to leave American ports to go trade. Britain and France barely suffered, the colonies, which relied on trade, fell into a depression. Smuggling increased and many opposed the Embargo. -
Jefferson repeals the Embargo
Three days before Jefferson left office, ending his second term, signed a congressional bille repealing the Embargo. The bill was called the Nonintercourse Act, which resumed foreign trade with countries but Britain -
Madison signs Macon's Bill Number 2
This law was made to tempt Britain and France to agree with American terms. The law removed all restrictions on trade, and when one counrty agreed with Americas nuetral rights, the President would cut off trade with the other. Napoleon sent a message stating he would agree the the nuetrality, Madison warned Britain to accept the terms or trade would be cut off. Britain did not believe Napoleans words and did not agree. Napoleon did not keep his promise and continued to violate American terms. -
The Battle of Tippecanoe
As settlers pushed Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois, Indians were pushed further west. Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brothers organized a conferderacy east of the Mississippi. They set up a following and a camp called Prophetsown in Indiana. The governor of Indiana led his Army to the town and clashed with the Indians. The British were found aiding the Indians, settlers also demanded the taking of Florida from Spain, which was accused of aiding Indian raids. -
Declarataion of War
The British still no longer stood on nuetral rights, so on June 1st Madison asked Congress to declare war with Britain. Congress approved and upon a vote, the Southern states voted for war and the Northern for peace. Britain, being faced with depression from lack of trade, Britain tride to agree with American nuetrality, but it was too late. -
Official Declaration War
After Britain tried to declare peace, it was too late, so Madison declared war officially. America was not prepared for war, only having 7,00 troops, and 16 ships for a Navy. The government had no central banking system, to raise money, war bonds were issued, half were sold, and the treasury was soon empty. -
3 Pronged Attack
In the first prong General William Hull marched from Detroit to Canada, but decided that the British were too strong of a force, so he retreated to Detroit, the British followed and surrounded Hull, leaving them in control of Lake Erie and the Michigan Country. In the second prong General Renseelaer crossed the Niagra to seize a Canadian village, the New York militia refused to cross so the invasion failed. General Dearborn lead a force along Lake Champlain toward Montreal, his army refused -
American Victories on Sea
On the sea, America won for a time, privateers harrassed Britsh trade ships, and the Navy caputured several British ships. -
British Blockaid
In 1813, the British Navy blockaded the coast of Long Island to Georgia, stopping overseas trade, which depended on coastal water routed -
American Victories on Land
In September of 1813, Captain Perry was ordered to prepare for Battle on Lake Erie. With a limited number of ships, Perry's troops built ships from oak and iron. His makeshift Navy won the battle and gained control of Lake Erie, forcing the British to leave Detroit. Soon after, General Henry, led his troops north into Canada, and ahead of him were British troops and Indians lead by Tecumseh. -
Tecumseh Killed
Henry's troops cought up the the Indiand and British on the Thames River. Without him, the Indian Confederacey collapsed and the Indians left the British. -
Battle of New Orleans
British troops landed near the city protected by Jacksons troops in trenches. As the British came closer, American cannons and troops fired into the fields of redcoats. After a half hour the British surrendered. Two weeks before the battle, the war ended, a treaty was signed in Europe. but depsite that, Jackson was well known after this battle. -
Another American Victory
General Andrew Jackson lead his troops against the Creek Indians. His troops won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, with heavy costs. The Creek were forced to ceced to the United States, and gave up 2/3 of thier land. -
British Strike Back
After defeating Napoleon, and dealing with General Brown troops, the British began sending experienced troops to America. The first move was of the Britsh part, they moved along Lake Champlain, and awaited for naval support, but Macdonough destroyed that support. The seong force landed at Cheasepeke Bay and marched towards Washington, the Americans fled, resulting in the British burning the Whitehouse and other buildings. -
Star Spangled Banner
After the burning of the Capitol, the British marched to Baltimore. Where they were stopped by American troops at Fort Mchenry. On board a British ship, Francis Scott Key, saw the British bombarding the fort, during that time he wrote the Star Spangled Banner -
Before Hartford Convention
More British troops were on their way to America, and the American treasury was empty. New England High Federalsits opposed the war from the start, and New England bankers refused to loan money for the war, also, Federalists would not allow militia to serve outside their own states. The Massachusetts legislature called a convention of New England. -
Hartford Convention
Delegates from Connnecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusets, New Hamphshire and Vermont met in Hartford, the delegates proposed several amendments that would give New England a stronger voice in Government. They also stated that is the national government people liberty or states rights, then the states could resist. The convention ended and they planned to send their ideas to congress, but the timing was terrible because the attention was on New Orleans. -
Defense of New Orleans
The British mounted for an assault on New Orleans, hearing rumors of the invasion, General Jackson caputured Pensacola in Spanish Florida, then moved to defend New Orleans. Jackson built a army from volunteers, militia, and slaves, setting up trecnhes and cannons to defend. -
War of 1812 Ends
After years of fighting, the British longed for peace after fighting with France and America. In December a treaty was signed in Ghent, Belgium. The treaty provided return for occupied territory, and restored pre war boundries between American and Canada. Christmas Eve, 1814, the treaty is officially signed and peace was broight after two years of war
