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- causes exiles to refuge in the provence of Hainaut.
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- Jews who refused baptism were massecred
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-Jewish Economy is revived
- Duke John II encourages the Jewish people to settle there -
- jews were Blamed for introducing the Plague in belgium
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-develop Stock exchange and sugar trade
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- Allowed for a more open society attracting Ashkenazi Jews -Jews had to still pay special taxes
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jews enjoyed greater freedoms
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Jews enjoy greater freedoms
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-officially recognizes Judaism
-Brussels-more french influenced Jewish community. has a high rate of assimilation
-Antwerp: Yiddish and flemish influences is a mroe traditional community. -
The CJD was affiliated with the national belgian resistance movement. They hid Jews, fought as partisans, forged identity papers, and handed out food ration tickets. They helped distribute propaganda against the Nazis, establish a lending library, and maintain a jewish press.
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In 1939 there are more then 100,000 Jews in Belgium. There are 55,000 in Antwep and 35,000 in Brussles. There are many other smaller communities in ghent, Liege, Arlon, Mons, Charleroi, Namiur, Oostende.
20,000 were German refugees wanting to go to the United States -
Takes 18 days to be put under military rule lasting until 1944.
The Nazis had a very difficult time becuase the Belgan popultion like the Jews and helped them disguise the jewish populaiton.
Religion was not posted on cencuses and other religious documents in Belgium and therefore the Nazis had a hard time getting lists of people to export. In 1942, the nazis had difficulty finding Belgian poliece officers to put yellow bages on Jews. -
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Amost all Belgan jews went to Aushwitz, very few survived.
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After the war belgium vores for the partition of Palestine and the creation fo a jewish State at the United Nations General Assembly. It became one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with Israel.
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Jewish Population is about 40,000 in Antwerp and Brussles combined.
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A year later, the largest Jewish organizaitons creates the Coordinating Committee of belgian Jewish Organizations.
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