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A political & ideological leader of India during the Indian Independence Movement. His philosophy & leadership helped India gain independence & inspired movements for civil rights and freedom globally.
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Chinese revolutionary, leader of the Chinese revolution, "savior of the nation", & responsible for the Great Leap Forward.
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Argentine military officer & politician. Elected thrice as president of Argentina, served only one term. Served several gov't positions.
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Also known as the Great War, was caused by the asssination of Archduke Fanz Ferdinand
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Series of revolutions which destroyed the Tsar system & led to the creation of the Soviet Union. At first the Tsar was replaced with provisional gov't, 2nd revolution, that was replaced with Communist gov't.
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A peace program presented to the U.S. Congress by President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918. It called for the evacuation of German-occupied lands, the drawing of borders and the settling of territorial disputes by the self-determination of affected populations, and the founding of an ssociation of nations to preserve the peace and guarantee their terrritorial integrity. It was rejected by Germany, but made Wilson the moralleader of the Allies in the last year of WWI
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served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist. In 1962 he was arrested & convicted of sabotage & other charges, & sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison.
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The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, The United States, and other allied powers after WW1. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some land to Poland. It was resented by many Germans.
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Inernationalorganization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the US to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping agression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945
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Severe worldwide economic depression before WWII. Longest, most widespread, & deepest depression of 20th century. Originated in U.S. with fall of stock market. With Black Tuesday it spread globally quickly.
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He was appointed Chancellor on 30 January 1933
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Global military conflict involving all of the world's great powers. Deadliest conflict in human history, with 50 million to 70 million deaths.
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Fought between the Kuomintang (Republic of China) & Communist Party of China for control of China which led to China's division into two Chinas.
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By 1947 the Indian National Congress had accepted the idea of partitioning for two state. Inda gains independce from Britain
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the continuing state from about 1947 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, & economic competition between the Communist World & the powers of the Western world.
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intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty. Its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
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was a military conflict between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II.
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Mutual defense treaty subscribed to by 8 Communist states in Eastern Europe. Had a desire to prevent recurrence of an invasion of Russian soil again.
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An unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support & encouragement from the US gov't, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban gov't of Castro.
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a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin.
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A confrontation among the Soviet Union, Cuba & the US during the Cold War. Results were withdrawal of the Soviet Union's nuclear missiles from Cuba & the US's nuclear missiles from Turkey.
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The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980
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A Chinese man stands alone to block a line of tanks heading east on Beijing's Cangan Blvd. in Tiananmen Square on June 5, 1989.
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A strong drive for reunification developed in East and West Germany in 1990
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The dissolution of the Soviet Union was a process of systematic disintegration
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The terrorist act in New York in which the twin towers were brought down.