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American farmers increasingly exported foodstuffs causing their exports to rise in value.
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Approximately 1000 enslaved men planned to end slavery in Virginia by attacking Richmond.
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This represented a victor for non-elite white Americans that wished to assume more direct control over the government.
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This revival of the Second Great Awakening was a large camp meeting that was held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky
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Established that the federal courts could declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. Marbury sued then Secretary of State James Madison for his commission as a Justice of the Peace.
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A land deal between the United States and France in which the U.S. acquired approx 827,000 sq miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
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Jackson sustained a bullet to the chest in a duel. He survived, remained standing, and shot his opponent.
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Established by Robert Fulton
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Federal law stated o new slaves would be imported to the United States. It did not take effect until 1808.
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This caused many Americans to call for war but President Jefferson decided on a policy of "peaceable coercion".
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Passed by Congress and signed by President Jefferson prohibiting American ships from trading in all foreign ports.
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The Act prohibiting the importation of slaves became effective in 1808.
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Congress ended the Embargo and the British relaxed their policies toward American ships.
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U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional. This decision helped create a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts and hinted that Native Americans did not hold complete title to their own lands.
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He tried to stop expansion into native lands. When he failed, he began a resistance movement.
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Conflict in Indiana between Governor William Henry Harrison and Indian forces led by Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.
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War broke out between America and Britain due to British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy's impressment of American seamen and America's desire to expand its territory.
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The first stage of the War of 1812 lasted until spring of 1813. Great Britain was occupied in Europe against Napoleon and the U.S. invaded Canada and sent their fledgling navy against British ships.
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The term coined in 1845 by newspaper editor John O'Sullivan is the idea that the territorial expansion of the United States was justified by the American values and institutions. Believers also claimed that the land west of the Mississippi River were destined for American led political and agricultural improvement.
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This 371-ton ship, funded by Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston, was the first steamboat to navigate the internal waterways of the North American continent from one end to the other and remain capable of returning home. It would sink two years later.
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Also known as the Battle of Moraviantown was a decisive American victory in the War of 1812 against Great Britain and its Indian allies, in upper Canada, near Chatham.
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Francis Cabot Lowell and Paul Moody recreated the powered loom used in the mills of Manchester, England.
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The U.S. launced their second offensive against Canada and the Great Lakes. The Americans won their first successes.
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Captain Philip Broke attacked the Chesapeake captained by James Lawrence and destroyed it within 6 minutes.
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Pivotal naval engagement between British and American forces during the War of 1812.
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This third stage ended with Andrew Jackson's victory outside New Orleans, Louisiana.
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This was a decisive victory led by Andrew Jackson in the Creek War.
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This opened a new theater of operations in the South.
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On Lake Champlain in New York in which an American naval force won a decisive victory against a British fleet.
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Those that opposed the war met in Hartford to try and end the war and curb the power of the Republican Party. These meetings lasted until January 5, 1815.
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Ending the war of 1812, it was signed by the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was signed in Ghent, United Netherlands.
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Reform societies developed in throughout the U.S. melding religion and reform.
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Credited with the end of the war of 1812, this battle was actually fought after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. It was a victory for then Major General Andrew Jackson
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Madison stressed the importance of establishing throughout our country the roads and canals which can best be executed under national authority.
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This fort was established as an armed outpost during the war of 1812 by the British. The raid killed 270 of the fort's inhabitants. This set the stage for General Andrew Jackson's invasion of Florida and the beginning of the 1st Seminole War.
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Rufus King lost to James Monroe in 1816. He was the last Federalist to run for president.
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The United States Army invaded Spanish Florida and fought against the Seminole Indians and the African slaves that had traded weapons with the British and supported them in the War of 1812.
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Land Speculation Leads to a depression.
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The Supreme Court upheld the rights of private corporations when it denied the attempt of the government of New Hampshire to reorganize Dartmouth College on behalf of the common good.
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Enacted by U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish minister Luis de Onis giving Florida to the United States.
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Offered $10,000 annually for missionaries to establish schools among Indian tribes
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Schools were being organized to assist young men preparing to enter mercantile and other businesses.
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The discovery of Gossypium barbadense (Petit Gulf cotton) near Rodney, Mississippi changed the American and global cotton markets due to its structure and ease of production.
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The Missouri Compromise, supported by Senator Henry Clay, would admit Missouri as a slave state but would admit Maine as a free state, and the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory would be divided along the 36/30 latitudinal line allowing slavery only in those south of the line.
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Between the U.S. and the Choctaw
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New York's 1821 constitution allowed almost all white male taxpayers to vote but only the richest black men.
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President Monroe issued an ultimatum to the empires of Europe in order to support several wars of independence in Latin America. It stated that the U.S. considered North and South America off limits for European colonization.
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A group of journeymen in Boston formed a Carpenters' Union to protest their inability to maintain a family at the present time with the wages given.
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Formerly Secretary of State under President James Monroe of the Virginia Republicans.
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In one of the closest elections to date, Andrew Jackson won the popular votes but with no majority winner in the Electoral College, the election was decided in the House. Adams used his political clout and with Henry Clay's support, claimed the presidency.
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350-mile long human-made waterway linking the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean.
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Linking the Great Lakes to New York
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Evangelical ministers organized this society to help spread the crusade nationally.
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The government of Maryland provided half of the start-up funds for a long-distance rail line out of Maryland.
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President Jackson's failure to repeal the Tariff of Abominations put Vice President Calhoun in an awkward position. He penned what became known as Calhoun's Exposition.
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This political party opposed Freemasonry. Most members joined the Whig party in the 1830s and disappeared after 1838. The anti-masons believe that the Freemasons had murdered William Morgan who was a former mason who disappeared after speaking out against them.
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Also known as the Eaton Affair was a scandal involving President Jackson's cabinet, particularly his Secretary of War, John Eaton.
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Claiming to be the "people's president" to represent the interest of ordinary white Americans against the wealthy elite. He was hailed as a military hero and thus gained the presidency.
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Andrew Jackson had already authored a letter encouraging the Cherokee to voluntarily relocate to the West but the discovery of gold on their lands exacerbated the situation.
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David Walker, a black abolitionist in Boston wrote an appeal that called for resistance to slavery and racism.
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Joseph Smith was a religious leader who founded the Church of Christ that later became the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
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Jeremiah Evarts wrote a series of essays under the pseudonym William Penn opposing Andrew Jackson's act to drive Native Americans from land east of the Mississippi.
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This newspaper organized and spearheaded an interracial crusade dedicated to promoting immediate emancipation and black citizenship. He would later preside over the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 and lead the Moral Suasionists in the late 1830s.
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Also known as the Southampton Insurrection was a slave rebellion in Virginia led by Nat Turner. They killed from 55-65 people, most of them white.
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Abolitionists used the U.S. Postal Service in 1835 to inundate southern slaveholders and prepared thousands of petitions for Congress.
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This war in the North led to the removal of many Sauk Indians to Kansas.
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A political struggle between Jacksonians and Congress involving the Bank of the United States.
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Massachusetts was the final state to cease supporting official religious denomination. A State Supreme court decision ended Massachusett's support for the Congregational Church.
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A convention that met in November of 1832 declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within South Carolina and that attempts to collect would lead to the state's secession.
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Passed by Congress during the Nullification Crisis giving President Jackson the authority to use military force against any state that resisted the protective tariff laws.
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A mob of Protestants attacked a Catholic convent near Boston. They believed that a woman was being held against her will by the nuns.
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The New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics, and other Workingmen mobilized to establish a ten-hour workday across industries.
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This conflict resulted from the U.S. forcing the Seminole Indians to move from a reservation in Central Florida to the Creek reservation west of the Mississippi. It was the longest of the Indian Removal Wars.
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This treaty was signed giving Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation. It was negotiated by Cherokee leader, Major Ridge who only spoke for a small fraction of the nation rather than for the entirety.
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The state legislature dictated that all children under the age of 15 must attend school at least 3 months a year.
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Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission after a 13-day siege.
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Sam Houston led a surprise attack that lasted only 18 minutes. The Texans were victorious and captured General Santa Anna.
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Signed by General Santa Anna after his capture acknowledging Texas independence.
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An executive order by President Jackson that all payments for public land purchases would be made in gold or silver.
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A group of Unitarian ministers to include Ralph Waldo Emerson came together. Later members would include Henry David Thoreau
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Financial crisis in the U.S. following land and slave speculation.
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Vice President during Andrew Jackson's 2nd term, Van Buren was elected president as his successor.
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Near St. Louis, an abolitionist newspaper editor was murdered as he defended his printing press.
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The constitution ratified in Pennsylvania in 1838 prohibited black voting completely. In doing so, they eliminated the right of one of the richest people in Philadelphia, James Forten. He was a free-born sailmaker who had served in the American Revolution and had become a wealthy merchant and landowner.
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As a result of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee Indians were forced to migrate to the area presently known as Oklahoma.
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Under the leadership of abolitionist and politician James Birney. They believed that the U.S. Constitution was actually an anti-slavery document that could be used to abolish slavery through the national political system.
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This was a presidential nominating convention held in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to select the party's nominee for the next presidential election. The convention selected William Henry Harrison rather than Henry Clay. Harrison would die just 31 days into office.
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The first woman to hold a leadership position.
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The delegation consisted of more than 500 abolitionists from France, England, and the United States. It would last until June 23.
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Unions were not legally acceptable until the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in favor of a union of organized Boston bootmakers. Chief Justice was Lemuel Shaw.
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Emerson delivered a speech in Boston declaring that it was the duty of the young Americans of New England to stand for the interest of justice and humanity.
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In his first book, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave he tells the tale of escaping from slavery and becoming an abolitionist. He wrote a second book in 1855, My Bondage and My Freedom.
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Although many thought the area should be divided into 2, the entirety of Florida entered the Union as 1 state.
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Former Speaker of the House is elected 11th president.
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Out of conflict between the Comanche who had a command presence and attacked U.S. Soldiers in a disputed zone.
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Active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections it was a short-lived political party made up of the Barnburners and other anti-slavery Democrats joined with some anti-slavery Whigs and the Liberty party.
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James Marshall discovered gold in Sutter Creek near Coloma, California
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Rebuffed at the World Anti-Slaver Convention in London, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton returned to the U.S and organized a two-day summit in New York where women's rights advocates came together.
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Tough new fugitive slave laws, New Mexico and Utah could determine their own fate, and territories would be allowed to submit suits directly to the Supreme Court over the status of fugitive slaves.
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This act harshly penalized official who failed to arrest runaways and private citizens who tried to help them.
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Stating they were contraband of the war to circumvent the issue of the slaves' freedom.
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Commonly known as the Know Nothing movement was an American nativist political party. It started as a secret society.
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Abraham Lincoln assured his audience that the country's commercial transformation had not reduced American laborers to slavery.
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Caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy.
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John Brown was an abolitionist that led a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia which is now in West Virginia.
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The Census Bureau's Census of Manufactures stated that" the manufacture of cotton constitutes the most striking feature of the industrial history of the last 50 years."
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Lincoln became the first Republican to win the presidency.
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Confederate Brig. General P.G.T. Beauregard fires on Fort Sumter. Major Anderson surrenders on April 13 and Union troops are evacuated.
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Authorized Union seizure of rebel property and stated all slaves who fought with or worked for the Confederate military were freed of further obligation.
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Two day battle the costliest of the war to that point.
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Virtually an emancipation proclamation.
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The first major battle to occur on Union soil. Over 20,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing.
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Involved nearly 200,000 combatants and resulted in staggering Union casualties.
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President Lincoln issued the document declaring that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are and henceforward shall be free.
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Legislation passed by the U.S. Congress during the civil war to provide fresh manpower to the Union Army
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One of the war's major battles, it would last until May 6 and although a Confederate victory, they suffered heavy casualties and the mortal wounding of Conf. Major Gen. Stonewall Jackson.
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Three day battle was Robert E. Lee's final northern incursion.
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The Confederacy was split in half with the loss of this stronghold.
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Except as a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
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Prompted by General Robert E. Lee
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During a performance at Ford's Theater. He was shot by John Wilkes Booth.
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First attempt to constitutionally define all American born residents (except Native people) as citizens.
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Prepared for readmission of the southern states into the union
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