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1440-1492 Spanish begin to retake their land from the Muslims in the area.
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1488-1500’s The Portuguese stop using North African cities as a connection to the Far East due to the discovery of the horn of Africa and formation of colonies in the Americas.
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1519 Most of Algeria is conquered by the Ottomans who are asked by the Muslim population to liberate them from the Spaniards. Some of the most important ports remain Spanish for decades to come. Algeria enjoys a autonomous status under them.
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Laissez faire: Idea that government should refrain from interfering in economic affairs.
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Positivism: Philosophy developed by the Frenchman court of salt Simon.
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1750-1900: Immigration of different demographics occurred in the Caribbean region because many were looking to work on sugar plantations after the emancipation of slaves.
The Caribbean was having to recover from a significant population loss due to different epidemics brought by the Columbian Exchange. Cody Birely -
As Britian flourished, it could not produce enough cotton to keep up with its demand. They turned to Egypt and the market for it there erupted and allowed both areas to flourish during this time.
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lasted til 1763, arguements over land and religion
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Catherine II reigned during the Age of Russian Enlightenment. Catherine II pushed Russian boundaries west toward Central Europe and as far south as the Black Sea.
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Prohibited North American colonists from establishing settlements west of the appalachian mountains
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Lasted til 1783
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The Haitian Revolution (1789-1804) was a slave-led rebellion who allianced in a strong millitary force overthrew Napolean’s dictatorship. Haiti declared freedom and became its own independent nation while joining the United States as the seond independent nation in the western hemisphere. Cody Birely
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The colony of New South Wales hasmodeled themselves after the Americancolonies and had around 1,000 free citizensand around 2,000 convict laborers.
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Exploration of the coasts begins by GeorgeBass and Matthew Flinders.
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1750-1900: Interactions between Latin America and the Caribbean increased at this time. Cody Birely
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Around the 1800s, sub-saharan Africa become dependent on cash crops such as sugar, cotton, and rubber. This gave them and other countries the nickname of Banana Republics. Annie DeVries
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This imperialism resulted in the colonization of Africa. Colonial imperialsim took over places and dominated their economy, politics, and social changes. Annie DeVries
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Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fousies in the early 19th century.
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Industrial revolution: Time when countries stared to manufacture goods and mine. Started in Europe in the 18th century.
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The steam engine: Developed by Tomas Newcomen made traveling a lot easier. Put on boats in France England and the U.S.
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The electric telegraph devolved in Europe and the US. Charles Wheatstone and William cooke made the 5 wire telegraph.
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Africa benefited from the many trade routes around the country.
Sokoto Caliphate was one of the lively exchanges that took place between Europe and Western Africa. Annie DeVries -
Alexander I reigned and colonized Alaska and parts of California, like Fort Ross.
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A unified Australia emerged with 6 separatecolonies.
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Matthew Flinders finishes mapping the Australian continent and settlers have creating villages around the coast of Australia.
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The first Russian circumnavigation
accomplished and in 1820 a Russian expedition discovered Antarctica. -
Britain occupies the Cape Colony. Kevin Meyer
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British forces briefly occupy Buenos Aires, Argentina Laura Klever
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New Zealand became self-governed.
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The United States and Great Britain made it illegal to carry or import from Africa.
Alex Karnish -
The end of slavery happened in many countries between the years of 1807 and 1867. Afric was searched by Britain to b sure that there were no ships that violated the ban of slave trade. Annie DeVries
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The French Invasion of Russia was
headed by Napoleon during the height of his power. The Invasion failed and 95% of Napoleon's army perished to Russia's cold winter. -
Second war of independence in North America
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In Southern Africa, the Boers rose up against British rule. Kevin Meyer
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The Zulu Kingdom was created in Southern Africa. Kevin Meyer
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Zulu kindom was created and for the next decade, would expand through military conquest and lead to the formation of other city-states. Ryan Scott
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In 1818 the East India Company controlled an empire with more people than western Europe and fifty times the population of the colonies lost in North America. One goal of the British Raj was to remake India on a British model through administrative and social reform, economic development, and introduction of new technology. These included disarming approximately 2 million warriors, establishment of private property, and the increase in exports of raw cotton.
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Independence in Latin America Laura Klever
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proposal on december 2nd
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Tasmania gains independence from NewSouth Wales (British Australia).Flag.
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The rest of Australia is conquered by Britaindue to suspicion of France's interest inAustralia.
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1829-1852 Juan Manuel de Rosas dictates Argentina with an iron fist Laura Klever
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Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt, reforms social, politcal, and economical structure of Egypt to become more modern. Ryan Scott
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The end of slavery in different places ranged from 1833-1888. Brazil was the last country to abolish slavery and the British were the first. Annie DeVries
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In the Cape Colony in Southern Africa, the slaves were emancipated. Kevin Meyer
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British Parliament bans the transportationsof convicts to Australia.
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-Carter Stark
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Rich copper mines are founded in Australia,boosting the economy of the whole country.
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Maya Indians rebel against plantatino owners (Caste War) Laura Klever
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In the nineteenth century, slavery was abolished in some Caribbean islands such as Cuba (many slaves held rebellions to help establish abolition). Indentured servitude took over after slavery was abolished—serving under a contract of indenture. Cody Birely
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•1850-Most western countries have stopped the importing of slaves from Africa.
•Nations no longer importing slaves stopped the slave trade in all of Africa and indirectly forced them to switch to “legitimate trade” Alex Karnish -
-Carter Stark
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The gold/copper rush starts in Australia.
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Population booms due to the gold rush. Forexample: Victoria's populations raises from75,000 (1851) to 300,000 (1854).
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Melbourne, Australia gains independencefrom New South Wales.
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•After 1850-Palm oil production skyrockets when African traders realize it was more profitable to use enslaved Africans in Africa to grow cash crops when it is no longer profitable to sell slaves overseas..
Alex Karnish -
Some Chinese people immigrate to Australiadue to the gold rush but are terriblydiscriminated against.
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President Castillo y Marquezado abolish slavery in Peru Laura Klever
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Alexander II riegned and made several reforms, including the emancipation reform of 1861. The emancipation reform freed 23 million peasants from serfdom. The era was nown as the era of Great Reforms for Russia and the era spurred industrialization and the modernization of Russia's armies.
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The Sepoy Rebellion sprang from rising discontent among Indian soldiers. Bengali sepoys resented the recruitment of different ethnic groups, high caste Hindus objected to ocean travel in the growing empire because it went against their religion, and both Hindus and Muslims were offended by being forced to open ammunition cartridges with their teeth, which were greased with cow or pig fat. The rebels asserted old traditions to challenge British authority: sepoy officers in Delhi proclaimed their
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Queen Victoria promised all Indians freedom of religion and equal protection under the law, and great sums of money were invested in harbors, canals, trains, and telegraph lines. However, the profits of such enterprises remained in colonial hands.
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Brisbane, Australia gains independence fromNew South Wales.
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Qing Empire looses power in Central Asia
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Arguements between two groups in North America, lasted til 1865
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Parliament grants South Australiaadministrative control of the northernterritory.
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Russia begins invading other countries.
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In Southern Africa, diamond mining begins in Griqualand West. Kevin Meyer
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Britain encouraged Australia to try and rulethemselves.
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The British built this canal as a new trade network. It provided a waterway to connect the Middle East with Eastern Africa and Southern Asia
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Suez canal is opened, making trade and travel easier. Ryan Scott
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predicted the comming of the buddha
-Carter Stark -
Whaling (killing whales for baleen) was firstrecorded in New Zealand.
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Russia begins building railroads all through Central Asia opening it to trade.
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Britain forces the sultan of Oman, ruler of a secondary empire in Zanzibar, to halt Indian Ocean slave trade and end the import of slaves to Zanzibar. Ryan Scott
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Africans rule 90% of Africa.
Alex Karnish -
The American journalist Henry Morton Stanley persuaded King Leopold II of Belgium to open up Central Africa by investing his personal fortune.
Alex Karnish -
The scramble for Africa begins in this time period because of imperialism and the need for raw materials. Central Africa is quickly split by European nations seeking transoceanic empires.
Alex Karnish -
-Carter Stark
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British influence became overwhelming and they invaded Cairo and then proceeded to take over the rest of Egypt. Today Egypt is an independent state.
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The Berlin Conference is brought together because of a dispute between Belgium and France over land in Central Africa. It is agreed that European nations can keep their claims to land in Africa if they can prove that they can hold them. This was done without regards to native Africans.
Alex Karnish -
The Congo Free State, the French Congo, and the Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique give huge pieces of land to private companies instead of ruling the areas themselves. The companies had monopolies on the natural resources and trade and the rights to employ soldiers and to tax the inhabitants.
Alex Karnish -
The introduction of western education in India caused many Indian intellectuals to turn to secular values and nationalism as the way to reclaim India for its people. Many of the new Indian nationalists came from the middle class, which had prospered from the increase of trade and manufacturing. Hoping to increase their influence and improve employment opportunities in the Indian government, they convened the first Indian National Congress in 1885.
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In Southern Africa, gold mining in Witwatersrand began in 1886. Kevin Meyer
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Ethiopia acquired these European musket rifle from Italy through the Treaty of Wichelle. Ryan Scott
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Africa is completely ruled by European powers.
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•1895-1905: A rubber boom in the Congo Free State takes place, where the companies forced African inhabitants at gunpoint to collect latex from vines in the forest. Mass atrocities occur when people do not make the quotas.
Alex Karnish -
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Lasted til 1899
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In Southern Africa, Britain conquered the Afrikaner republics. Kevin Meyer
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The development and planning of the Panama Canal started in 1900 and was finished by 1914. This is very important to the Caribbean region. Cody Birely
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The empire begins to crumble as it struggles to keep up with the industrializing Europe and surrounding areas.
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