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Treaty of Madrid shifts Spanish-Portuguese border in South America. (involving the area of what is now Brazil) -Miranda Hale
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Palm oil and Vegtable oil was a huge export at this point.
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1750-1900: During this time period, sugar production in the Caribbean Islands grew rapidly. As global demand for this “white gold” increased, sugar plantations as well as slavery increased in the Caribbean islands in order to meet the demands.
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The transformation of the economy, the environment and living conditions occuring first in Manchester, England, that resulted from the use of mechanized manufacturing, communication and transportation.
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During this time, industrialization led to a need for more resources, and therefore, new imperialistic policies by European nations.
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The Enlightenment was a period in which people began to question the Church, the government, and the Bible. Some of the world's most famous philosophers, economists and political thinkers emerged from this time period and their ideas are still studied today. The Enlightenment changed how people all over Europe, and later North America, thought about religion, hierachy, monarchy and science.
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In 1956 Great Britain’s East India Company bean to seek to rule certain regions in India. They wanted to control more of the profitable trade to and from India. They gained control of Bengal, Bombay and much of South India. (they had started this goal in 1690s)
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Seven Years War Britain seized Havana, a very important trade city which was then traded for all of Florida. France also gave up Grenada, Dominica, and St. Vincent to Britain.
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Poland is divided between Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Russia recieves Belarius, Lithuania and Ukraine
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Treaty of Madrid shifts Spanish-Portuguese border in South America.-allison coe
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War with Ottoman Empire ends with the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji
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Britain and France still controlled most of Canada and the northern most parts of America, Spain controls central and western US Mitchel Dierickx
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American Revolution happens as Protestants and Pilgrims successfully break away from Britain Mitchel Dierickx
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1789 A.D. The first European missionaries come to Oceania, as well as traders and explorers. Naturally this brought new diseases and guns, which caused the collapse of their social structures and harsher wars. Most of Easter Island's statues were thrown from the island in the middle of an intense war during this time.
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During this time, much of Europe, including France, Austria, Germany, Hungary and Italy experienced revolutions due to an increase in Enlightenment thinking and industrialization.
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Slave revolt on French island of Saint Dominique (Haiti) leads to Haitian revolution, and later independence. -Miranda Hale
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Independence Era: many revolts free multiple countries from the control of the Spanish and Portuguese governments. (Countries are: Venezuela, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, and Ecuador.-allison coe
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French Revolutionary War enabled the creation of a newly independent republic of Haiti.
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Jews are restricted to the western part of the empire when government initiates Pale of Settlement
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Ottoman Empire: Bonaparte invades Egypt & French defeat Mamluks forces. Bonaparte tries to seize Syria, but gets stopped by British & Ottoman land. In Egypt, Bonaparte's generals can't govern the country well. Collapse of the military power gives Muhammad Ali a rise to power. He adopts many French practices in rebuilding Egyptian state: institutes the French practice of conscription: Egyptian peasants into soldiers, established schools w/ European skills & sciences.
Jennah Davison -
Egypt was influenced by European ideas since the French invasion in 1798. They began to industrialize. The force was led by Muhammad Ali. He wanted to build up Egyptian economy and military so that they could be less dependent on Ottoman sultan. To do so, he imported advisors and technicians from Europe and built cotton mills, foundries, shipyards, weapon factories, and other industrial enterprises.
Jennah Davison -
Western territories and Canada made efficient economic control for Britain where they had established political power Mitchel Dierickx
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New technologies such as railroads, steam engines, new modes of transportation come to America and Canada for faster transportation Mitchel Dierickx
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US begins to expand states westward, taking away from Latin countries Mitchel Dierickx
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Ottoman Empire: flow of silver from Americas increased the monetarizatioin of sectors in Ottoman economy; mostly in the cities. An increasing number of workers were paid in cash rather than goods, and businesses connected w/ banking, finance, and law developed. Competition drove women from work force with the "women's work" i.e weaving seen more mechanized and drove by men. Jennah Davison
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Japan and china faught to gain more ower then the other. also they had to fight off european powers as well.
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Slave trade increased. Slaves were being sent to North and South america in the slave trade at this time.
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Islamic reform movements were very popular at this point in time in many powerful states of West Africa
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Sokoto Caliphate was largest state in West Africa during this time.
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Indians not of noble or elite status suffered under the British Raj. They became lower and lower on the social ladder. Recruitment into the ICS was by open examinations but were given in England. So, they excluded Indians.
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Many peole from china left to go work in diffrent countrys at rice farms. this eventuly turned it into a mass indentured servatude problem.
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Sugar plantations became very popular as they were cash crops.
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Taino society destroyed by Europe expansion.
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The South African people rebel against the British
Stephanie Kepner -
European powers wanted to spread Christianity to Eastern Africa
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2000 slaves are sold every year in Egypt.
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The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century, and spread during the 19th century to Belgium, Germany, Northern France, the United States, and Japan. Almost all areas of the world felt the effects of the Industrial Revolution because it divided the world into "have" and "have not" countries, with many of the latter being controlled by the former.
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Matthew Flinders starts mapping theAustralian coast and settlers start creatingvillages around the coast of Australia.
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Haiti declares its independence from France. This revolution sparked many more uprisings, including the French Revolution.
ALLIE S -
Muhammad institues the French practice of conscription. He also establishes schools specializing in military training.
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Muhammad Ali becomes the official Ottoman governor.
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British navy take over Buenos Aires, Argentina because of their need to have a military base to defeat Napoleon Bonaparte.-allison coe
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British occupy Montevideo, Uruguay; King John and his court flee to Brazil to escape Napoleon's armies in Portugal.-allison coe
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Creoles start to rule in Caracas, Venezuela, Santiago, Chile, Buenos Aires.-allison coe
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Criolles start, along with the help from local Indians and Mestizos, started a revolution for their Independence from Spain. Roni Storjohann
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Miguel Hildalgo led a revolt in Mexico. This revolt failed and caused thousands of deaths and many more injuries to the natives.
Roni Storjohann -
From 1816 to 1826 Shaka creates the Zulu Empire
Stephanie Kepner -
Baltic peasants freed from serfdom but are given no land
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At this time the East India Company controlled a large empire in India and the British Raj (reign) sought to remake India on a British model. British control over everything grew after this.
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This treaty, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, set the US-Mexico border. It was signed by Quincy Adams and Spanish foreign minister Onis.
Roni Storjohann -
Simon Bolivar leads many Latin American countries in their fight for independence. -Miranda Hale
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Tanzimat, a series of reforms by Sultan Muhmud II's son, applied mostly to men. Private life, including everything connecting to marriage & divorce remained the sphere of religious law, and there wasn’t any time for education for women. These reforms decreased the influence of women. The political changes than ran parallel to economic changes narrowed women’s opportunities. However, women did retain power by management & disposal of property, through inheritance. Jennah Davison
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After numerous struggles and massive efforts Mexico finally gains its independence from Spain Roni Storjohann
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The United States issues the Monroe Doctrine, warning against recolonization of the newly independent Spanish-American republics. -Miranda Hale
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The french now control the society islands.
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Greece became independent from the Ottoman empire due to their weakening rule.
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After three years of Tornel's efforts to end slavery, President Guerrrero puts an official end to slavery in Mexico.
Roni Storjohann -
He invades Syria to institute some changes that already occurred in Egypt to help the sultan.
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In order to establish order and a more centralized government Mexico enacts a new constitution. These new constituional laws were to help with disputes over territory, power, and establish limits.
Roni Storjohann -
General Anotonio Lopez de Santa Anna led his Mexican Army to Texs to put down the rebellion. Mexicans win the Alamo giving a spark to their troops. However, this victory is short lived and they are defeated in San Jacinto and Lopez is captured.
Roni Storjohann -
Latin America's first railroad is constructed in Cuba. -Miranda Hale
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The United Provinces of Central America breaks into 5 republics. (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica) -Miranda Hale
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1839-42The First Opium War results in China's defeat at the hands of the
European
Enviroment, Cultures, States, Economic Systems
Kevin Knoer -
1839-42The First Anglo-Afghan War results in the British capturing Kabul and
Qandahar.
Enviroment, Cultures, Social Structures
Kevin Knoer -
1837 A.D. both roman catholic and protestant missionaries are active in the islands, creating even further disruption in social structures. some places are further effected by these social oddities by civil wars which overthrew their monarchies.
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Under the British rule, slavery in India was banned in 1843 and widow burning was banned 1829, along with many other reforms.
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Dominican Republic gains independence from Spain.
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Hispaniola declares their independence. Along with Haiti, they form the Dominican Republic, uniting the island into one nation.
ALLIE S -
Mexico's refusal to accept offers over land agreements causes Polk to push his troops deeper into Mexican territory. Skirmish breaks out and several members of the U.S troops are killed. U.S President James Polk than declares war.
Roni Storjohann -
1848The Khanate of the Kazakh Great Horde is abolished by Russia.
states
KevinKnoer -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo reduces Mexico's territory by half. This included the loss of present-day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and part of Colorado to the United States.
Roni Storjohann -
Traditional peasant communes of Russia begin to blend with Western Socialism
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As the Industrial Revolution continued many immigrants came, especially Asians, to Canada and Western America for mining opportunities Mitchel Dierickx
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Russian Empire tried to expand to exploit Ottoman weakness & acquire the Mediterranean Sea. Muhammad Ali’s army invaded Syria. Russiaa had treaty w/ Ottomans. Resulted in war. The sultan bowed down to British & French and named France, ‘Protector of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem’ which made Russia protest & invade Ottoman territories. Crimean War emerged: Britain, France, and an Italian kingdom sided w/ Ottomans. An alliance among Britain, France=Ottoman territory for use.
Jennah Davison -
1850-64The Taiping Rebellion in China.
States, Social Structure
Kevin Knoer -
it was a radical political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China in the 19th century. It ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20,000,000 lives, and irrevocably altered the Qing dynasty.
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Britain and Germany settled a new surplus population in East Africa because of overpopulation in Europe, and to extend their slave trade.
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Many kings converted to Christianity and changed religious practices for all of their people.
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A war between the Russians and he Ottomans over when the sultan named the French the protector of the Holy Scripture; so Russia invaded Ottoman territories--sparking a war.
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The Crimean War, (fight between Russia and the alliance of the United Kingdom, France, and the Ottoman Empire
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The Sepoy Rebellion or "Mutiny" was a mutiny of Muslim and Hindu soldiers. Discontent occured when new musket balls greased with animal fat and soldiers were ordered to tear these apart with their mouth. It caused unrest because many Indian religion stressed not eating meat.
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Alexander II emancipates serfs
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During a period of many struggles this battle over the French was one of the first times Mexico had been able to celebrate a victory. This great win over the French created a sense of nationalism that had been slowly dissolving due to the constant wars and political uprises.
Roni Storjohann -
War of the Triple Alliance between Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. This is over land lines and independence from other South American countries.-allison coe
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Zemstva were created. These were elected local government bodies which had control over local education, health, and communications.
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African slavery abolished.
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Karakozov tries to kill Tsar Alexander II. This begins the White Terror.
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Dimonds are found in Kimberely
Stephanie Kepner -
1869-1914 French began to look at controlling most of West Africa. Starting at coast of senegal.
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Europeadns also wanted control of the Suez Canal, became part of their control due to debt. Controlled for 70 years. Resulted in more Western Ideas being moved in to Africa. (Taryn pEpping)
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Because of new goods and trading oppurtunities, Europe wanted control of Africa, Many countries 'scrambled' for Africa and fought against each other for control. (Taryn pEpping)
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The British have established colonies in Australia and the Dutch have begun colonizing New Guinea.American settlers, missionaries and traders, have started settling Hawaii.
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According to africanage.com Central Africa faced European imperialist aggression, diplomatic pressures, military invasions, and conquest of colonization. During, African societies put up various forms of resistance against the attempt to colonize their countries and impose forgein demination.
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1871 A.D. British have taken control of New Zealand and expanded their Australian settlements. The french now control the society islands.
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In 1877 Queen Victoria of Great Britain was officially proclaimed "Empress of India." She ruled India through a system of viceroys.
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The Ten Years’ War ends in Cuba. Spain promises many new reforms such as the abolition of slavery.
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The War of the Pacific, involving Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The war began with a dispute between Chile and Bolivia over part of the Atacama Desert. -Miranda Hale
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European imperialist powers wanted more raw materials such as gold, silver, and spices so they started more trade with Eastern Africa.
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France annexes Central Africa.
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One East African country did remain independent from Britain during the scramble for Africa and that was Ethiopia.
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The Berlin Confrence is held which invovles the future of West Africa.
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Scramble for Africa is put in place at this time. This means that any European country can take control of African tribes as long as they develope a government and defend it.
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A group of Indian nationalists in the middle class who sought a larger role for indians in the Civil Service. It promoted unity among the country's many religions and social roups. It effectively voiced the opinions of elite Indians.
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Gold is discovered in south africa and its high value is diserable to all causing a gold mining outbreak
Stephanie Kepner -
The Reinsurance Treaty was signed. (Treaty was meant to contunue the alliance between Otto von Bismarck and Russia after breakdown of the League of Three Emperors
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Brazil becomes the last country in the world to abolish slavery. -Miranda Hale
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Abolition of slavery in Brazil, this is one of the movements that start other abolishments.-allison coe
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The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 stopped immigration from China and the American railway companies sought workers for railroads. Mexican workers were offered a six month contract to come to the United States and perform these tasks.
Roni Storjohann -
Stimulation of Cultural patronage and artistic inovation under King Nijoya of the Bamun, Cameroon.
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The first war between europe and japan over the smuggling of opium in to their countries.
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Women’s Rights begin to become an issue and develop slowly; Canadian doctors trained in the US and weren’t acknowledged in Canada until 1895 Mitchel Dierickx
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The Spanish-American War, in which Cuba gains independence from Spain and the U.S. takes control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1899. -Miranda Hal e
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Last African Empire, Wassoulou, fell and resistence to French Colonialism in region was over.
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Spanish-American war ended Spanish control of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
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Due to the European imperialist powers, Eastern Africa was partitioned in 1898. (East and south.)
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The Treaty of Paris is signed. Not only did this treaty end the Spanish-
American War, but Spain gave Puerto Rico and Cuba to the United States.
ALLIE S -
Dutch, French, and British all wanted control of India. (So did India). in 1858 the British took over, and they took control of the RailRoads. By 1900, they controled Egypt, India, Canada, and more. (Taryn Pepping)
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At the end of the 19th century, Europeans banned slave trade because they believed that it was unethical.
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1857-60The Second Opium War, again resulting in China's defeat.
Conflict, cultures
Kevin Knoer -
Environment: Droughts, locusts and disease take over portions of North Africa leaving 300,000 dead.
Cultures: France imposes a lot of its power on North Africa and some start to adopt its culture.
States: Scramble for Africa begins and European countries rush towards North Africa. -
Economic Systems: No true type of currency, they used copper bracelets, gold, horses and even paper to barter with. It also reflected the economy of the Ottoman Empire and eventually European imperialist because they held control there.
Social Structures: Much of North Africa under the rule of European countries, which means for them, they were second class citizens to their white conquerors. -
-They developed irrigation systems because in Sumer and Elam there was very little rainfall. This way when it wasn’t raining they could water their crops and during the seasons when it didn’t rain at all they could plant crops.
-sam urmie -
- Indus Valley Civilization The Bronze Age
-The Indus Valley, China, and Vietnam were all prominent for their metal working abilities. they made bronze tools, bells, and drums.
- sam urmie
- Indus Valley Civilization The Bronze Age
-The Indus Valley, China, and Vietnam were all prominent for their metal working abilities. they made bronze tools, bells, and drums.
-
Domesticated goods
-Wheat, barley, sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were many things they domesticated in East Asia.
- sam urmie -
1200 - “Flying Money”
Paper money was invented. along the silk road the used “flying money” which was a universal way of paying for goods.
- sam urmie -
715 BCE - Silk Road
- The silk road connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. Some of the goods traded included luxuries such as silk, satin, hemp and other fine fabrics, musk, other perfumes, spices, medicines, jewels, glassware, and even rhubarb, as well as slaves. Unintentional items were also carried throughout the silk road such as the Black Death.
- sam urmie -
500 BCE - Legalism was developed
- legalism was developed by Han Feizi, it was prominent in the Qin dynasty. The idea of legalism was to punish those who broke laws and to reward those who followed them. Some outcomes of legalism were, great accomplishments, such as the great wall, it caused widespread resentment among people, this way they had a greater acceptance of Confucianism-Daoism.
- sam urmie -
206 BCE - Messopotamia
- Mesopotamians followed a polytheistic belief system that had Gods that were related to the lives of Mesopotamians. For example, there was a central God for Babylonian rule and then a different one during the rule of Assyrians. Also there were many nature related Gods.
- sam urmie -
221 CE - Qin Dynasty
-The Qin Dynasty was known for their legalistic rule implemented by Qin Shi Huang, they were the dynasty who came up with the idea for the great wall. Qin Shi Huang also built luxurious places and a big tomb for himself. all of these luxurious items used up the dynasty's resources and soon after Qin Shi Huang died there were uprisings because the fight over natural resources.
- sam urmie -
206 CE - Han Dynasty
- The Han Dynasty developed many medical innovations. They developed many innovations because they believed in systematic correspondence, in which they believed that everything in nature was intended to be in harmony.
- sam urmie -
618 CE - Tang Dynasty
- The Tang Dynasty was the most brilliant historic period in China's history. The state under the ruling of the Tang Dynasty, became the most powerful and prosperous country in the world. Particularly, in this glorious period, the economy, politics, culture and military strength reached an unparalleled advanced level.
- sam urmie -
1279 -The song dynasty
- Song Dynasty was established in Kaifeng. In that period, most part of China's territory was unified. However, in late Northern Song, the political corruption was serious and the regime began to decline.The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty.
- sam urmie -
1750 - Immigration and Higher status
At this time foreigners are allowed in China and the Manchus have a higher status than the Chinese.
- sam urmie -
1500 - Hierarchy
In Japan the hierarchy becomes unbreakable, samurai are at at top of the social class and
lower class women are more free.
- sam urmie -
1603- Kabuki theater
In Japan kabuki theatre was very popular at this time it replaced restrained drama.
- sam urmie -
1465 - Wood block printing
Woodblock prints were invented, and ceramics and western oil painting was very popular.
- sam urmie -
1856 - Second Opium War
- The second opium war was fought between Britain, France, Russia, China and the United States. during the first opium war china closed their ports to the western hemisphere, China signed a treaty saying that they would open up 11 of their ports to them, and opium was legalized again.
- sam urmie -
1898 - Boxer Rebellion
- The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China against foreign influence in religion, politics, and trade. In the fighting, the Boxers killed thousands of Chinese Christians and attempted to assult the foreign embassies in Beijing. This lasted for 55 days.
- sam urmie -
- Class transformation The Lower classes had horrible conditions and were taxed a lot. While the middle class grew more powerful.
- sam urmie
-
1958 - The Great Leap Forward
- The Great Leap Forward planned to develop agriculture and industry. Mao believed that both had to grow to allow the other to grow. Industry could only prosper if the work force was well fed, while the agricultural workers needed industry to produce the modern tools needed for modernization.
- sam urmie -
1937 - The Japan-China War
The Japan-China War started in July 1937 when the Japanese claimed that they were fired on by Chinese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing. Using this as an excuse, the Japanese launched a full-scale invasion of China using the conquered Manchuria as a launching base for their troops. The war against China had led to 4 million Chinese casualties with 60 million made homeless.
- sam urmie -
1949 - Chinese communist revolution
- A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, typically with socialism as an intermediate stage. Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class.
- sam urmie -
320-550 BCE - The Gupta Empire and Dynasty
-The Gupta Empire and Dynasty, in India, was created in 320 BCE. there was peace and prosperity during this time under the Gupta rule. this was called the Golden Age, during this time there were many innovations in science, technology, engineering, art,literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy. The Dynasty was overrun by the Huna’s.
- sam urmie -
3000 BCE Egypt
- Egypt was developed in 3000 BCE. They believed in Polytheism, where pharaoh was a god. Their writing language was very complex, it is called Hieroglyphics which is pictorial language.They had a very optimistic viewpoint on life The Egyptians had a strong belief in the afterlife the Book of the Dead was equivalent to their biblical text.
- sam urmie -
1500 - Urbanization and transformations
China trades with Europeans in Qing Japan. The manufacturing, merchant class get wealth and power , urbanization, and population growth.
- sam urmie -
1839 - First Opium War
- The first opium war was a war between China and the western countries, British merchant began smuggling opium, (drugs) into china to balance the trade between China and Britain for tea exports. The British introduced opium into China, China at first thought it was a good idea until the people got addicted and their economy and country was falling apart. China started to ban the trade or opium from Britain because it was starting to ruin their country.
- sam urmie -
1931 - Japan invaded Manchuria
- Japan takes over Manchuria because they are industrializing at a high rate. They don't have enough resources of their own so they saw it to be a perfect way to expand, because of the vast population and resources. Japan saw it to be a great way to end all of their problems.
- sam urmie -
1945- Atomic Bomb
- Atomic bombs were dropped by the allies of Japan on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The severe effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. The Hiroshima health department estimated that, of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes.
-sam urmie -
Easter Island has been influenced greatly by slave raids, and America controls Hawaii and Fiji.
-
australias main exports are oal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron and ore, and their agricultural produce tends to be:Wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; and cattle
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