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Colonies and Settlements: Groups of First Nations peoples occupied Canada before Europeans came, before and including 1750. They were the the Woodland First Nations, Iroquianian First Nations, Plateau First Nations, Plains First Nations, Pacific First Nations, First Nations of the Mackenzie and Yukon RIver Nations.
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Canada's first newspaper published its first issue in the Halifax Gazette.
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War and Battles: French success lead British to advance on Montreal
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Notable Events: Also called the Great Upheaval, was the removal of the Acadians by British from present day Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island; an area also known as Acadie. A lutenient said Acadians who refuse to pledge allegiance to the British Crown will forfeit their property and be relocated.Big Six: Historical Perspectives: From the Acadians perspective they were torn away and exiled from their homes; from British it was considered a nessesary action.
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Wars and Battles: French troops and a new commander, Marquis de Montcalm, arrived in Canada during the 7 year war. The battle between Montcalm and Wolfe in Quebec city which left the city devestated.
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A war that was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes.
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Treaties: The Treaty of Paris signaled the end of the 7 Year war. It walso allowed Britain to gain all french colonies east of Mississippi. This includes New France, which becomes the colony of Quebec.Big Six: Cause and Consequence; Cause- Many countries were in debt because of the war, Consequence- France(&Spain) were forced to give up their land in North America, which ended military threats to Britain there. It ended the 7 year war and gave the British more sense of security.
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Exploration and Discovery: Norse explorers founded North America's first european ccolony at L'Anse aux Meadows. This is the start of Canada as a real country, as Europeans began making many changes to the way the territory had been run and settled by the First Nations people.
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Murray becomes civil governor of Québec, but his attempts to appease French Canadians are disliked by British merchants. Murray served under General James Wolfe at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. Murray believed Wolfe's plan to land the army at Anse au Foulon was foolish and absurd, and succeeded "only by Providence". He was the military commander of Quebec City after it fell to the British. He also signed the Peace and Freedom Treaty with the Huron Nation.
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Wars and Battles/Govenors: Rebel forces invaded Canada, occupying Montréal and attacking Québec. American privateers also raided Atlantic ports, and revolutionary sympathizers in Nova Scotia attempted a rebellion in that colony. Although the rebel forces were defeated in Canada, the 13 American colonies won their war for independence from Britain, sparking another kind of invasion – a wave of Loyalist emigration that would change the make-up of Canada. An important figure was General Burgyone.
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Govenors and Generals: The creation of the Quebec Act in 1774 lead to the Battle of Quebec in 1775. This battle was lead by Major General Benedict Arnold and General Richmond Montgomery. General Arnold lead a second expedition to Quebec where half of his troops parished before arrival. He then met up with Genral Montgomeys troop; Montgomery killed, Arnold shot in the leg and defeated in the battle of Quebec.
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Notable Events:The first few thousand Loyalist refugees from the American War of Independance settle in Nova Scotia and Halifax. Big Six: Historical Significance: It was one of the first times 'Canada' and its citizens expanded its population with new immigrants. Formed on the basis of being a multicultural and accepting society already this allows the country to grow with many peoples in in, leading to what we live in now. A nation thirving on multicultural connections.
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Colonies and Settlements: The North West Trading Company is formed in Montreal to compete with the Hundson Bay Trading Company.
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<a href='http://http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/yorktown.htm' >
After a five-day bombardment, the combined American and French forces attacked and overwhelmed Cornwallis's fortified position at Yorkton night of October 14. The British commander was left with no choice but to surrender, which he did on October 19. -
The Canadian's: Rose Fortune Notable Event: Rose Fortune was a Canadian woman who came to Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, with the Black Loyalists, where she became a successful businesswoman and the first female police officer in Canada
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Notable Event in Development of Canada: Fredericton opens a Provincial Academy of Arts and Sciences, the germ of the University of New Brunswick (1859). The school's name has changed over the years but it still is a large symbol for equal education, anf the promotion of knowledge in Canada.
Big Six: Primary Source. This is a photograph of the petition signed to create a school, spurred on my loyalist wanting to give their children a better education. -
Exploration and Discovery: At the behest of the North West Company, Alexander Mackenzie journeys to the Beaufort Sea, following what would later be named the Mackenzie River. Alexander Mackenzie is an explorer who becomes involved in the Trading companies and helps to expand the nation that is Canada.
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Acts&Treaties: The Constitutional Act passed by the British Parliament in 1791 divided the Province of Québec into two distinct colonies: Lower Canada and Upper Canada. The new constitutional act that repealed the Québec Act of 1774 did not concern other Canadian colonies. Also called Britian's Canada Act. Big Six: This represented a huge change in the look and funtinoality of Canada. This could be considered one of the first times Canada spliting Quebec changed relations between the provinces.
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Exploration and Discovery: By canoe and on foot, Alexander Mackenzie crosses the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Range, reaching the Pacific Ocean. Mackenzie, who is the first man to cross North America north of Mexico, records his arrival at the Pacific on a rock near Bella Coola, B.C.
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Notable Event: Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester was the Govenor of Quebec ending his time at 1796. Before working in office, he commanded British troops in the American War of Independence, first leading the defence of Quebec during the 1775 rebel invasion and the 1776 counteroffensive that drove the rebels from the province. In 1782 and 1783 he led as the commander-in-chief of all British forces in North America.
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<ahref='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_dr0ZVRvR0&list=PLc0AO0rg0owKzGlX6Tfb160Z9OJxfRAri' >History of Canada</a>
Notable Event: York becomes capital of Upper Canada. York (now Toronto) is founded by John Graves Simcoe, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada. York was founded August 27th, 1793 -
Notable Even:Many forgien families began immigrating from Ireland, England, and Scotland to Canada. Big Six: Cause and Consequence: This is a major event that occurs over many decades and continues today. It represnets the start of a growing nation filled with many different peoples. It started with European explorers and lead to the combining of first nations and european, to form one whole but multicultural society within Canada. A consequence ofanew culture is the ending of First Nations'.
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Provincial Note: Le Canadien, a Québec nationalist newspaper, is founded.
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Slavery abolished in British Colonies
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Exploration and Discovery: Fraser travelde the Fraser River with 2 clerks, 16 voyageurs and 2 Aboriginal guides. The 520 mile (832 km) expedition ranks as one of Canada's greatest explorations. Entering unknown territory he struggled through the harsh terrain of the Fraser River canyon. With Aboriginal assistance and perseverance they survived the journey.
At the river's mouth Fraser realized that it was not columbia and retreated. David Thompson named the river after him later. -
Colonies and Settlements: Lord Selkirk plans a settlement of Highland Scots in Red River area, near present site of Winnipeg. First settlers arrive at Hudson Bay in the fall of 1811. On September 12th, 1812 Selkirk reaches Winnepeg.
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Wars and Battles: The war that guarenteed the creation of two seperate nations: The United States of America and British North America.Big Six: Continuity and Chage: the war of 1812 guarenteed that 2 seperate nations would share North America. The fact that there were always people and colonies living in both areas continued but more distinct names and geographic locations were given. This allowed relations to be formed and new cultures and societys to be born independant but also connected.
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Notable Events: Laura Secord aided by first nations, trekked over nineteen kilometers to warn British forces of a plan she overheard of an American attack.Laura was 85 before any mention of her act was drawn to light.
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Documents, Acts and Treaties: The Treaty of Ghent officially ends the war. it was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain
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Notable Events: The HBC and the NWC merged together and therefore creating one, and owning the whole of Ruperts land. Although this merge kept the name HBC the NWC still owned 55 shares. Right around this time period the fur trading was just ending.
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Colonies and Settlements: The first Welland Canal is completed, partly in response to American initiatives in the Erie Canal. Erie Canal completed in 1825 by the State of New York providing waterway between Buffalo on Lake Erie and Albany on the Hudson River, the greatest single transportation factor in early settlement of the like region and growth of lake navigation Work on Welland Canal starts.
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Settlement: First permanent theatre building in Montreal, Theatre Royal, is built by John Molson to attract bigger names to the city, which lacked such a venue. It costs the magnate $30,000. The building is demolished in 1844 and the site was used for the Bonsecours Market. Another venue, also called Theatre Royal, was built not far away in Old Montreal; this building, too, no longer exists. Big Six: Historically significant because it allowed arts to thrive in Canada. Arrts continued to grow.
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Provincial Note: The latest census puts the population of Lower Canada (Quebec) at 479,288, and Upper Canada (Ontario) at 157,923.
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Notable Event: York reverts back to its origonal name Toronto and is incorporated as a city.
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Exploration/Settlement: Canada's first railway, the Champlain and St. Lawrence, starts service between Laprairie and Saint-Jean, Que
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War and Battles: Although not large, this began many small rebellions throughout Canada. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada.The leaders of the Reformers and Patriotes, both escape to the U.S.
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Govenor and Generals: Lord Durham comes to Canada as governor. He recommends that the governments of the colonies should be chosen by the people's elected representatives. He recommends the establishment of responsible government and the union of Upper and Lower Canada to speed the assimilation of French-speaking Canadians. Territorial disputes between lumbermen from Maine and New Brunswick lead to armed conflict in the Aroostook River valley (the Aroostook War). Big Six: He changed trust in CND
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Documents, Acts, and Treaties: Initiated assimilations to form one whole Canada with one legislative assembly.
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Colonies and Settlements: James Douglas of the Hudson's Bay Company founds Victoria and Vancouver Island. On 15 March Work starts on the Vancouver Island HBC post that will become Victoria.
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Exploration and Discovery: Royal Navy and experienced explorer, John Franklin had served on three previous Arctic expeditions, the latter two as commanding officer. His fourth and last, undertaken when he was 59, was meant to traverse the last unnavigated section of the Northwest Passage. After a few early fatalities, the two ships became icebound in Victoria Strait near King William Island in the Canadian Arctic.The entire expedition, 129 men including Franklin, was lost.
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Treaty/Boundary: Oregon Treaty sets the 49th parallel as the western Canada/U.S. boundary. Big Six: Cause&Consequence: This agreement set the boundary between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel west of the Rocky Mountains, veering around Vancouver Island and then proceeding through the Strait of San Juan de Fuca. The Oregon Treaty settled the dispute between the United States and Great Britain over the area in Oregon located between the Columbia River and the 49th parallel.
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Notable Events: Canada's very first postage stamp, the three penny beaver is issued. Around the same time Britain transfers control of the colonial postal system to Canada.
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Notable Events: Rail director Donald Smith drives the ceremonial last spike home for the Canadian Pacific Railway, linking Montreal to Port Moody, B.C.
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Colonies and Settlements: Queen Victoria names Ottawa the new capital of the Uniited Province of Canada.
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Exploration and Discovery: Gold is discovered in the sandbars of the Fraser River. Some twenty thousand miners rush to the area, and it comes under British rule as the colony of British Columbia. Chinese immigrants from California were attracted by the Fraser River Gold Rush. Big Six: Ethical Dimensions: The gold rush in canada was seen as a great thing. The Chinese immigrants that were needed and used to harvest this gold was terrible and did not give them any better of a life, treatment wise.
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Govenor and Generals/ Provincal Notes: James Douglas, already governor of Vancouver Island, sworn in as governor of British Columbia.
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Notable Events: From September 1 to September 9, the Charlottetown Conference took place. This was the first step toward Confederation
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Govenors and Prime Ministers: First Prime Minister of Canada, did not agree with Quebec sepratism, on the Canadian $10 bill.
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Acts: Many leaders,Fathers of Confederation,felt that it would benefit to join into one country. The leaders met and wrote a constitution for the new country, which was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It became known as the British North America Act, or the BNA Act. This Act brought together the three provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Canada (which became the provinces of Ontario and Quebec). The Act defined new laws and structure for the country. Big6:His. Importance.
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Acts and Treaties: The British North America Act unites Ontario, Quebec, Nove Scotia, New Brunswick into he Dominion of Canada. This later accepts, Manitoba, British Columbia and Prince Edward Island. Big Six: Historical Significance: It sets out the dominion of Canada and its constitution. This truely created the country.
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Provincial Notes: The 1870 Manitoba election.
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Provincial Notes: On May 12, 1870 the Canadian Parliament passed the Manitoba Act creating Canada's fifth province. Its name, Manitoba, was an Assiniboine word meaning "water of the prairie" because of all the lakes and rivers in the area.
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The Rebellion was the first crisis the new government faced following Canadian Confederation in 1867
BIG SIX: Cause and Consequence
Cause-The Red River Rebellion was the sequence of events related to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by the Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony (Manitoba).
consequence- Manitoba became a proivncial in 15 July 1870 and also result in the Manitoba Act -
Notable Events: British Columbia enters Confederation as the nation’s sixth province. BIG SIX: Continuity and change
Continuity-BC is still one of the province in Canada
Change- Back then BC could only send three senators and six members of Parliament to Ottawa, but now they became one of the most powerful province and have 28 seats in the House of Commons -
Notable Events: our national anthem "O Canada" first performed
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Colonies & Selttlements: The United Kingdom gives Canada control of the Arctic islands (The Canadian Arctic Archipelago).
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Created to unite Canada together, the CPR was completed on November 7, 1885 - six years ahead of schedule - when the last spike was driven at Craigellachie, B.C.
BIG SIX: Historical Significance-Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi) of track all across Canada and into the United States,[1] stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves major cities in the United States, such as Minneapolis...etc -
Colonies & Setlements: Metis leader Louis Riel is hanged for high treason as a result of the North West Rebellion.
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Provincial Notes: Ontario election, Sir Oliver Mowat's Liberals win a sixth consecutive majority
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Notable Event: Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald dies in office
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Governors & PMs: Liberal Wilfrid Laurier becomes prime minister after defeating Charles Tupper’s Conservatives. Laurier goes on to be one of Canada’s most lauded prime ministers. BIG SIX: Cause and consequences
Cause: The death of John A Mcdonald
Consequence: He settled Manitoba schools question, oversaw creation of SK and AB and formed Department of External affairs. -
Wars and Battles: More than 1,000 Canadian soldiers set sail from Quebec to South Africa and the Boer War.
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Wars and Battles: n 18 February 1900, British forces began to besiege a Boer army commanded by General Piet Cronje at Paardeberg Drift on the banks of the Modder River
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Notale Events: Canada competes in the Olympics, in St. Louis, for the first time
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Documents Acts & Treaties: Acts proclaiming Alberta and Saskatchewan as Canada’s newest provinces receive royal assent. BIG SIX: Historical Significance
Became the central area of Canada and full of natural resources and oil. -
Treaties and Acts: The Parliament passed the Tobacco Restraint Act prohibiting the sale of tobacco to person under 16, and prohibiting them from purchasing or possessing tobacco.
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Govenors and Prime Ministers: Robert Boren becomes the eigths Canadian Prime Minister
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Wars & Battles: Following Germany’s invasion of Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany. Canada, as part of the British Empire, is engaged in the war as well. BIG SIX: Cause and Consequence
Cause- Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism
Consequence: stronger army, lost of soldiers, use of money, developed weapons, Peeace treaty...etc -
Clonies & Settlements: The Canadian Corps attacks German positions on Vimy Ridge in France, a key piece of land held by the Germans since 1914. Six days later, fighting ends with the Canadians victorious despite the loss of 3,600 troops. BIG SIX- Primary source
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Notable Events: Canadian women win the right to vote in federal elections.
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Governors & PMs: Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to Parliament. BIG SIX: Primary Source - picture
Portrait by Yousuf Karsh in1934 -
Notable Events: Frederick Banting and J.J.R. Macleod are first Canadians to win a Nobel prize, for their work that led to discovery of insulin.
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Provincial Notes: The British dominion of Newfoundland wins a 25-year boundary dispute with Canada. Labrador, which had been claimed by Quebec, is awarded to Newfoundland.
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Governors & PMs: The Supreme Court rules that women are not persons, and therefore are not eligible to sit in Senate. The government later amends the British North America Act to allow women to enter Senate.
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Governors & PMs: Canada’s first woman senator, Cairine Wilson, is appointed. BIG SIX: Primary Source of the painting, painted in 1930 by G Horne Russell
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Provincial note: After negotiations with Ottawa, Alberta gains control of its natural resources. Saskatchewan and Manitoba also receive the same power that same year.
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Documents Acts & Treaties: Parliament passes the Bank of Canada Act, creating a central bank.
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Wars & Battles: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany. BIG SIX: Historical Significance
Canada carried out a vital role in the Battle of the Atlantic and the air war over Germany, and contributed forces to the campaigns of western Europe beyond what might be expected of a small nation of then only 11 million people. -
Wars and battles: Canada declares war on Japan after its attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Colonies and Settlements: The Canadian government announces plans to move all Japanese on Canada’s West Coast inland to camps. BIG SIX: The ethical dimension, now we consider forcibly relocating all the Japanese Canadian is infringing apon their right and morally wrong. But back then people thought for the safety of the country it wasn't a wrong choice.
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Notable Events: The federal government allows women to enlist in the army.
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Documents Acts & Treaties: The Canadian Citizenship Act is passed, meaning a Canadian citizen is no longer classified as British subject first.
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Wars and Battles: The 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, begins disembarking in Pusan as Canada enters the war between North and South Korea.
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Document Acts and Treaties: Parliament passes a motion seeking a constitutional amendment that would create pensions for all Canadians over 70.
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Notable Event: Canada’s first television station, CBFT Montreal, begins broadcasting.
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September 18, 1895 – August 16, 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from June 21, 1957, to April 22, 1963. He was the only PM from Saskatchewan. BIG SIX: Historical Significance. He was the only Progressive Conservative (PC or Tory) party leader between 1930 and 1979 to lead the party to an election victory, doing so three times, although only once with a majority of seats in the Canadian House of Commons.
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Document Acts and Treaties: The Bill of Rights, specifying the rights of Canadians, becomes law. BIG SIX: Historical Significance. The 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights was the country’s first federal law to protect human rights and fundamental freedom.
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Provincial Notes: Saskatchewan’s Medical Care Insurance Act takes effect, creating Canada’s first comprehensive public health-care program.
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Governors and PMs: He was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 22 April 1963 to 20 April 1968. E, brought up the Canadian maple leaf flag.
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Notable Events: A new Canadian flag – red maple leaf on white background between two red bars- wins the approval of Parliament.
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Notable Events: The October Crisis begins as the Front de Liberation du Quebec kidnaps British diplomat James Cross and, later, Labour Minister Pierre Laporte. Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act, which allows government to temporarily suspend civil liberties. Cross is released 60 days later but Laporte is found dead.
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Doucument Acts and Treaties: The House of Commons approves, by just eight votes, a bill abolishing the death penalty.
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Provincial Notes: Montreal hosts the Summer Olympics. BIG SIX: Historical Significance
It was the first Olympic Games hosted by Canada. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles. Calgary and Vancouver would later host Winter Olympic Games in Canada. -
Notable Events: Rene Levesque’s separatist Parti Quebecois wins a stunning election victory in Quebec.
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Governors and PMs: He is the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968, to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980, to June 30, 1984. BIG SIX: Historical Significance
He was famous for his youthful energy, his stance against a separate Quebec and suppressing violent revolt. Brought out the War Measure Act, Ne Constitution Act and made Canada bilingual. -
Notable Events: Terry Fox’s Marathon of Hope, his one-legged run across Canada to raise money for cancer research, ends abruptly near Thunder Bay, Ont., when his cancer returns.
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Notable Event: Canada introduces a $1 coin, commonly called loonie; the dollar bill is withdrawn in 1989.
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Provincial Notes: The Winter Olympics open in Calgary.
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She is a Canadian politician, lawyer, university lecturer, diplomat, and writer. BIG SIX: Historical Significance
She is the first female PM of Canada in history -
Notable Events: Canada’s new $2 coin, dubbed the “toonie,” is introduced.
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Provincial Notes: The Confederation Bridge opens, linking Prince Edward Island to the mainland.
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Provincial Notes: Canada’s newest territory, Nunavut, is carved out of the eastern Northwest Territories.
