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1 Jan 1814- 31 Dec 1819
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Last Invasion of Upper Canada (Eastern Canada)
The Americans crossed Niagara River at Buffalo, and easily seizing Fort Erie. The British sent out a rash attack to the Americans at Lundy’s Lake; a bitter battle of war struck, which lasted a couple of day and nights. The event was significant ending war in Upper Canada. -
Metis Bison Hunters
The Metis who were children of the French and Natives, settled in Upper Canada. Bison hunting was famous even when the Metis had first settled in Canada. Bison was hunted for their fur and meat, also known as pemmican. Pemmican was high in protein and supported many. These attributes made pemmican fairly expensive and was famous in the fur trade. Many traders married the Native people in order to create many trade connections with the Natives. Therefore the trading business went smoothly. -
Treaty of Ghent (Eastern Canada)
U.S.A and the British Empire was returned to the way it was before the war began, recieving back their territory and all their properties were returned. In addition, the war made U.S be seen as an enemy. This event was importat due to showing the impact Canada and America had on the present day. They showed negotiations could happen without war but with agreement. -
Family Compact (Eastern Canada)
Elite, upper-class people became huge in Upper Caanda after War of 1812. They could change all the political, religious beliefs, and trade affairs of the colony. Many complaints led to a major rebellion making Canada create a responsible government -
The Battle of Seven Oaks (Prairies)
A fight breaks out between the HBC and the NWC in the Red River Colony area. Furthermore, more and more people start to settle in the Red River Colony, enlarging the area into what we call Winnipeg, Manitoba. The significance of the battle is that it marked the birth of the Metis Nation. A nation which think of themselves as neither French nor Native. -
Frontier of BNA & U.S.A (Eastern Canada)
Canada & United States border was intended to follow the 49th parallel from British Columbia to Manitoba on the Canadian side and from Washington to Minnesota on the U.S. side, or from the Strait of Georgia to the Lake of the Woods. With the frontier of BNA and U.S.A the 49th northern parallel was established. -
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1 Jan 1820 - 31 Dec 1829
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The Merging of the Big Two: The Hudson's Bay Company and The Northwest Company (Prairies)
The result of the battle of Seven Oaks led to the merging of the two fur trading companies. The new company started too control nearly every trade operations in the Pacific Northwest, from Rupert's Land to the Rocky Mountains. This merge was significant because it resovled the dispute over the Red River Settlement. As a result, the merge brought success into the company's growth. In the present, HBC is a well-known company. -
First Welland Canal Construction
The First Welland Canal was an important waterway in Eastern Canada, it could move ships with full cargo with ease through the Niagara Escarpment. With this canal there was a huge economic growth in Canada & the U.S; agricultural markets gained profit with the canal providing consistent source of water for the local mills. -
Establishment of Fort Vancouver (British Columbia)
An outpost used as a headquarter by HBC along the Pacific Coast. By 1830, the business was booming, especically in the agricultural area. This was because Fort Vancouver had one of the earliest large scale of ranching and farming operations. -
Construction of Lower Fort Garry (Prairies)
Lower Fort Garry was built by the HBC after the destruction of the Selkirk settlement. The Fort was used as an administrative centre but as years passed the Fort became a place where numerous treaties were signed. It would later serve as an insane asylum. -
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1 Jan 1830 - 31 Dec 1839
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The Start of The Coal Industry in the West (British Columbia)
Economic development occured around Vancouver island as the coal industry began. Coal provided fuel for costal steam boats and a way to provide heat. By the 1900s the coal industry around Vancouver Island was well known for their high quality coals thus bringing in more people to work in the mines. Coal is an important industry even today's BC. -
Patriotes Rebellion
Britain attacked, St.Denis village. The Patriot forces won, and the patriotes annexed Saint-Eustache. Later, the Martial Law was announced in Montreal, and lastly the British burned the village of Saint-Benoit . These events were important since it showed the wrath of the British, they were fierce and anything that stood in their way were demolished. -
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1 Jan 1840 - 31 Dec 1849
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The signing of the Oregon treaty (British Columbia)
The signing of the treaty established a new boundary of Oregon which the remaining land (BC) was given to British Empire. This treaty resolved the dispute of the boundary of Oregon which created American thoughts like Manifes Destiny. This treaty gave Canadians confidence that they could peacefully settle into the Western territories. -
Corn Laws (Eastern Canada)
These laws limited the import of grain from other countries into the British Empire. Basically, this helped Canadian grain producers by increasing profits, since there was less and less grain being sold, making bread more expensive. Although this helped grain producers, more and more people were going hungry causing an economic depression. The significance of the Corn Laws was it helped Canada become independent rather than dependent on Britain. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
The Parliament of Canada passed the Rebellion Losses Bill which compensated for the people who lost their property during the Rebellions in 1837. It was successfully signed by Lord Elgin on April 25, 1849. This event was important because since the governor general or the responsible government was new at the time, if Lord Elgin had shown the people what he could do as a governor general the people would be proud of him; that's exactly what he did, signing the Rebellion Losses Bill. -
Sayer Trial (Prairies)
Due to the HBC trade monopoly over the Red River Settlement, the Metis were unable to trade independently. The Sayer Trial was a case where Pierre Sayer and three other Metis were charged for illegal trafficking in furs. In the end, the man was free without penalty, thus signalling the start of free trade in the Red River Valley. -
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1 Jan 1850 - 31 Dec 1859
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The Fraser River Gold Rush (British Columbia)
More than 25,000 gold miners travelled to the banks of the Fraser River in hopes of securing some gold. Thousands and thousands of foreigners entered the area upsetting the surronding natives. Due to the massive increase in colonists Britain was forced to established the colony of BC. Which was then known as New Calendonia. -
The First Edition Nor'Wester Newspaper (Prairies)
The Nor'Wester newspaper was the first newspaper created in Western Canada. It was created by William Coldwell and William Buckingham. Therefore, the existence of newspaper brought anti Metis sentiments towards the Red River Community and forced the Metis to start the Red River Resistance. The newspaper helped build the eventual union between Manitoba and Canada. -
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1 Jan 1860 - 31 Dec 1869
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Construction of the Cariboo Wagon Road (British Columbia)
The development of the Cariboo Wagon Road was essential to British Columbia because it was built to help improve the economics of BC by collecting the taxes after the construction of the road. Unfortunately the Cariboo Gold Rush ended just as the construction was completed, therefore BC was put into a huge debt and would eventually lead to the union of Vancouver Island and BC. -
Canadian Confederation
During 1867, confederation started to happen in the prairies. It was known as the Canadian Confederation. It was a process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed of Canada was formed on July.During the confederation, three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces. This Confederation divided the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and two other British colonies, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. This act was important because it created the four Canadian provinces. -
Canada Buys Rupert's Land (Prairies)
During 1869, Canada buys Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company. As the Dominion of Canada was taking its first steps, its political leaders were looking for a vast area of land to the west of the new nation. The Hudson’s Bay Company was going to sell the land to the Americans who paid at top dollars, however, the British government made it clear that they wanted the territory to be sold to Canada. Under pressure from the Great Britain, Rupert's Land was sold to Canada. -
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1 Jan 1870 - 31 Dec 1879
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Red River Rebellion Ends (Prairies)
The Red River Rebellion occured through the rising discontent of the Metis as Canada was invading their territory. Throught this discontent the Metis were able to establish a goal of having their own say in the government. By doing this, they were able to preserve their culture and tradition and protected the rights of the First Nations people. -
British Columbia joins Confedertaion (British Columbia)
As British Columbia joined the Confederation, it gave the country access to Western Canada. Furthermore, Canada promised an intercontinental railway. Therefore allowing goods to be sold all over Canada. With the intercontinental railway problems such as the economic depression was solved. -
Dominion Lands Act
The purpose of the law was to encourage settlement in Western Canada. The conditions were to use western natural resources and lands to help promote western settlement. In response, there were a significant amount of immigrants. -
Numbered Treaties - Treaty Number 7
The significance of the treaty between the First Nation and the Crown was that it established a reserve for the tribe and preserve the First Nations' hunting and fishing rights. In return, the First Nation's were forced to give up parts of their land to make way for the transcontinental railway. -
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1 Jan 1880 - 31 Dec 1889
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Battle at Duck Lake (Prairies)
This battle was what started the Northwest Rebellion. The rebellion is significant to the development of Metis and First Nations people's rights. As a result of the rebellion, many Metis and aboriginal forces were lost and Louis Riel was hanged. With the death of Louis Riel, tension rised between the French and English Canadians. -
Workmen's Compensation Act (Eastern Act)
Medical and wage replacement were provided for injured employees, and allowed the employee to sue his/her boss for dangerous acts. This Act was also important to help protect the workers and employees of Canada, as well as the development of life insurances. -
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1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1899
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Manitoba Act for Schools (Eastern Canada)
The Manitoba Act cut off the money required for Roman Catholic Schools, then forced the people in Manitoba to only be able to speak English. This act was significant to our history because it released a conflict with English-speakers and French-speakers in Manitoba. With ten or more students who speak French, a French teacher was hired to instruct. -
Gold in the Klondike(Eastern Canada)
The Klondike Gold Rush brought a large amount of people to Canada. People with no jobs in the U.S came looking for gold, some settled in Klondike and the gold rush distributed loads of money. The Klondike Gold Rush contributed to the creation of how Canada and Alaska came to be. -
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1 Jan 1900 - 31 Dec 1909
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Silver in Cobalt (Eastern Canada)
The Cobalt Silver Rush was the largest mine in the world, with everyone knowing, further exploration, settlement, and mining happened in northern Ontario & Quebec. Cobalt Silver Rush was a significant event helping Canada gain population and benefited Canada's economy. -
Tobacco Sales Act(Eastern Canada)
An Act was made for tobacco sales to people under the age of 18 illegal. Canadians viewed healthyness greatly, and tobacco was viewed as a health hazard. Tobacco vending machines were disabled, and smoking on transportation was illegal. This Act saved many lives, and reduced the number of smokers, we use this Act even today. -
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1 Jan 1910 - 31 Dec 1914
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Naval Service Bill (Eastern Canada)
With the Naval Service Bill, Canada had a separate naval force. French-Canadians & British-Canadians opposed the bill, the British thought Canada was not loyal to the country, whereas the French expected a war. The Naval Service Bill was important because dependence on the British Royal Navy was no longer needed/ -
National Transcontinental Railway Completed
The National Transcontinental Railway made a downfall to Laurier's Liberals of 1911, due to the building of the railway was costly. This railway helped open up frontiers of Quebec and Ontario, as well as create direct paths to Canadian Atlantic ports.
