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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Eisenhower, the great commander of the Allies on D-Day in 1944. He was the first president to use television for campaigning with his beloved slogan "I like Ike!" He was a Republican running against Adlai Stevenson, a democrat. He served two terms (1953-1961) and died in 1969. -
Brown vs. The Board of Education
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The case of Oliver Brown vs. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, which was taken to Supreme Court, decided that children could not be segregated in public schools since it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Segregation in schools was finally declared unconstitutional. -
Geneva Accords
The Geneva Conference halved Vietnam at the 17th parallel. Communist Ho Chi Minh ruled the North while Ngo Dinh Diem led the South. -
Federal-Aid Interstate Highway Act 1956
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One of Eisenhower's greatest achievement was the building of Interstate system. Inspired by Germany's Autobahn highway network, Eisenhower made it his goal to reconstruct America's highway system. Part of the reason for its construction was for defense, the highways were designed to fit military vehicles. -
Little Rock Nine
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Nine African-American students attempted to enter the recently desegregated Little Rock Central High School, but were turned away by Arkansas National Guard troops. In a mission to uphold the Supreme Courts decision president Eisenhower sent in the Army’s 101st Airborne Division to guard them. -
John F. Kennedy
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John F. Kennedy, a Haravard graduate, the youngest to be eleceted and America's first Roman Catholic president. He ran for the Democratic party against Richard Nixon and won by excelling in the televised presidential debates. Sworn into office in 1961 he was murdered before the end of his first term in 1963. -
Freedom Riders
Info: Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houton Mifflin Company, 2006
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They began at Washington DC only experiencing minor hostility in the first week. The second week thier bus, was burned in Alabama. Without protection from Southern officials, Washington sent federal officials to protect the Riders. Officially joining hands with the movement. -
JFK Orders More Helpt to Vietnam
President Kennedy orders more military advisers to be sent to aid South Vietnam. Making a political commitment in fighting alongside Southern Vietnamese. -
Operation Chopper
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The start of major helicopter-borne tactics that would become the defining image of the Vietnam War. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
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In October of 1962 an American U-2 spy plane photographed nuclear missiles being placed in Cuba by the Soviets. Initiating a naval blockade by the Americans on Cuba. The nation feared being on the brink of nuclear war. Peace was met with an agreement, America wouldn't try to invade Cuba again and the Soviets would dismantle their missiles. -
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Kennedy Adresses the Nation on Civil Rights
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In response to the cruel brutality used against African-Americans attempting to be seen as equal by whites in Alabama, president Kennedy adressed the nation on Civil Rights. He speaks about the negative effects discrimination has on the nation. It was a failed attempt to achieve peace at home. -
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Lyndon B. Johnson was the vice president of John F. Kennedy and was sworn in on the day of his assasination. The years following his take over he was able to acheive many of president Kennedy's goals, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He ran for re-election and was a big promoter of "the Great Society." Johnson left office in 1969 and past away 4 years later. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Info: Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006
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The Civil Rights Act passed in 1964, banning racial disciminatinon in most private facilitiesopen to the public. It strengthened the government in it's fight towards ending racial descrimination. -
Gulf of Tonkin Incident/Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin incident is an episode in whcih North Viatnamese fired at two American destroyers. Johnson declared the attack "unprovoked" and retaliated with a raid against North Vietnamese bases. Congress issued Johnson a "blank check" to use further force in Southeast Asia. -
Hotel Bomb Explosion In Vietnam
Viet Cong's placed a bomb thta exploded in a hotel in Qui Nonh, killing 23 American servicemen. -
Black Panther Party
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The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense formed in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The movement was largely based on the philosophies of Malcom X. It was an orginization that struggled militantly. A mark in history where the movement went from peaceful to militant. -
Tet Offensive
Viet Cong sent a series of savage attacks on numberous cities in South Vietnam. Although suffering many losses it was a political victory. Many Americans misinformed of the incident strongly called for an end to the war. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
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In an attempt to stop North Vietnam from aiding Viet Cong guerillas in the south, Johnson launched a bombing attack on North Vietnam. -
Richard M. Nixon
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Nixon ran for the Repubilcan party in 1968 with running-mate Spiro Agnew. A master-mind of great foreign relations he was able to ease tensions over seas by visits to both Beijiing, China and Moscow, Russia. Ending the war in Vietnam he had an approval rate above 60% that came crashing down with the Watergate scandal. Nixon resigned in 1974, only a few months into his first term. -
Meeting at Midway
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President Nixon met with South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu on Midway Island in the Pacific. He soon announced that 25,000 U.S. troops will be immediatley withdrawn -
Vietnimization
Nixon authorized the withdrawl of the 540,000 US troops in South Vietnam over a certain amount of time. It put the burden on South Vietnam of fighting their own war. -
Invasion of Cambodia
Without advising Congress Nixon orders American troops to join South Viatnamese in cleaning out Cambodia. A border used by the North Viatnamese to springboard troops, weapons, and supplies. Angering the American "doves." Congress sought ways to limit the presidents power. -
Women's Strike for Equality
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The Women's Strike for Equality was orginized by NOW (National Orginization for Women). It asked women to stop working for a day and protest the problem of unequal pay for women in the work force. -
Watergate Scandal
Men working for the Committee for the Re-election of the President were arrested after breaking into the Democratic party's headquarters. A full investigation was launched into the president's affairs. Eventually ending with Nixon's resignation. -
Gerald R. Ford
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Ford is the only president to enter office without being elected either vice president or president, as well as the first vice president to take over after a resignation. He served as House Minority Leader from 1965-1973, with a reputation of being open minded. He ran for re-election in 1976 for the Republican party but lost to Jimmy Carter. -
Proclamation 4311
InfoFord Pardoned Nixon a month after being sworn into office. Proclamation 4311 gave Nixon, "a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he...committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from January 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974." Beginning the healing. -
"Whip Inflation Now!" (WIN)
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When Ford took office the inflation rate was extremly highway. His hope was to overcome the inflation. He spoke to the American people and marked inflation public enemy number one. -
Saigon Falls
North Vietnam finally took South Vietnam by force. The take over came storming down so rapidly that the remaining Americans, including a few Vietnamese refugees, had to be evacuted on the 29th of April.
