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Congress of Vienna
The congress of vienna is a group of European ambassadors at a conference held in Vienna. The entire point of the congress was to settle disputes about the French Revolutionary war, Napoleonic Wars, and the ending of the Holy Roman Empire. The entire concept of nationalism was ignored in order to maintain peace. -
France
After the Franco-Prussian War, France mourned over their loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War. The French's main goal was to regain that territory. -
Three Emperor's League
Bismarck formed the three emperor's league, an alliance between Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary, which formed in order to diplomatically isolate France. -
Triple Alliance
Italy resented the French when they occupied Tunisia. Bismarck took advantage of the resentment of Italy towards France and formed the Triple Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. In order for Italy to be accepted into the triple alliance they needed to agree to stay neutral if Austria-Hungary and Russia go to war. If Italy stays neutral Austria-Hungary and Germany would protect the country from France. -
Bismarck
Bismarck was fired by Kaiser William II in 1890, which lead to the broken alliance of Germany with Russia. -
Franco-Russian Entente
France took the oppertunity to steal Russia's alliance away from Germany; once Bismarck was fired. The Franco-Russian Entente was formed in 1891. It was a military alliance that ran from 1892 to 1971.They became formal alliances in 1894. -
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German Schlieffen Plan
The triple alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed, as well as the triple entente with Britain, France, and Russia. Germany was the leader in military organization and efficiency. The German Schlieffen Plan to defeat France quickly and then attack Russia before they are ready. The plan took nine years to devise. The plan became a near victory in the first month, however due to an unexpected counter-attack by the French, and fast mobilization by the Russians ended the plan. -
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Hague Conferences
Attempts to stop the war with a peace treaty were shot down at two different Hague Conventions. One in 1899, and the other in 1907. International rivalry continued as well as the war. -
Entente Cordiale
Britain and France formed the Entente Cordiale. They had to get over each others differences. The signing of this Entente ended almost a millennium of their conflicts towards one another. -
Germany
Germany played a huge role in World War 1, causing many countries to rebel against each other and form allies. Germany was doing very good at World War 1. However, once their Schlieffen Plan failed, Germany's offensive attacks ended and began struggling with defences and trench warfare. -
Dreadnought
In 1889, the British divised a principal that in orer to maintain naval superiority in war their navy needs to be two and a half times larger than the second-largest.The Britains new principle motivated them to launch the Dreadnought, which was invented by Admiral Sir John Fisher. The Dreadnought was a deadly battleship equipped with weaponry. The Dreadnought was the fastest battleship in the world at the time of its completion. -
Anglo-Russian Entente
The Anglo-Russian Entente was signed by Britain and Russia on August 31, 1907, in St. Petersburg, Russia. This was signed after Russia formed an understanding with Japan and William II allies of Britain who became alienated with Russia by supporting Austrian ambitions in the Balkans. ; who is Britains ally -
Triple Entente
The Triple Entente was the name given to the alliance between France, Britain, and Russia. This was after the signing of Anglo-Russian Entente. The Triple Entente counters with the Triple Alliance, therefore a lot of international tension increased because Europe was divided into two armed camps. -
Canada
When Britain went to war, Canada automatically went to war too, due to legal affairs. Canada's land forces on the Western Front contributed the most to their allies. Almost seven percent of Canadians went to war at some point during the World War 1.
World War 1 is still remembered in Canada through memorials, and rememberance days of our beloved soldiers. -
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Weaponry
Weapons used in the Great War were poison gas, machine guns, tanks, submarines, Poison gas was introduced by the Germans. Posion gas caused blindness, severe blisters, or even death from choking. Machine guns were deadly and wiped out many soldiers. Tanks were armored combat vehicles that became very deadly to soldiers in trenches. Tanks were introduced by the British in 1916 Submarines were introduced by the Germans in 1914. Submarines main weapon was an underwater missle against other ships. -
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Imperialism
Competition of foreign markets and manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution added to the rivalry in Europe. Great Britain, Germany, and France competed for economic expansions in Africa, which caused hard feelings between the countries. -
Canadian Numbers
Canada's regular army consisted of 3,112 men. However, within two months it grew to over 32,000 men. A total of 3, 500 Aboriginal Canadians, 227 Canadian Japanese, and 2,000 Black and West Indians that participate in the war. The total of 600,000 men and women participated in the war by enlisting as nurses, soldiers and chaplains. -
The Cause of World War 1
Archduke Francis Ferdinand was murdered on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Serbian nationalist. Archduke was heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. Germany supported Austria-Hungary, and pressured them to go into war with Serbia. Austria-Hungary went into war with Serbia on July 28, 1914. Russia supported Serbia and on July 29, attacked Austria-Hungary. -
The Cause of World War 1
Germany demanded war with Russia on August 1, and two days later declared war on France. Belgiums neutrality was violated when the German invasion of Belgium to attack France. This forced Britain to declare war on Germany. Ultimatly this is how World War 1 begun. -
Making History (Canada)
Canada for the very first time fought as a distinct unit under a Canadian-born commander in World War 1. -
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Neuve Chapelle
The first battle of World War 1 for the Canadian Expeditionary Force took place in a Fench town called Neuve Chapelle. The Canadian forces were supposed to prevent the Germans from reinforcing the sector of Neuve Chapelle. This was supposed to allow the British to push through German boundaries and conquer new territory. -
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Second Battle of Ypres 1
In April 1915, the soldiers of the 1st Canadian Division were sent to help the British and their Allies push themselves into the German territory. On April 22, the Germans released chlorine gas and intensive artillery bombardment on the French and British colonial defenses and forces which either killed or forced them to flee. However, a soldier in the Canadian force discovered that pressing urine soaked rags over their noses and mouths would neutralize the chlorine gas. -
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Second Battle of Ypres 2
The Canadians were the only division that could stay in their position. On April 24th the Germans killed 2,000 men after directly attacking Canada with poison gas. -
Italy
In 1914, Italy declared they were a neautral country, against the war. However, promises of territorial gains wavered Italy's decision of staying neutral. On May 23, 1915, was a turning point for Italy. They joined World War I with their allied powers when Austria-Hungary declared war. -
British
The British army was made up of volunteers. Britain entered World War I by dominating sea power. If the British did not have their navy they would not of been able to stay in World War I. Their navy stopped the Germans from breaking out of the borders of the North Sea. -
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Battle of the Somme
The Canadians fought at the Battle of the Somme in July to mid-November 1916. Initially launched as a campaign to calm down the French forces at the Battle of Verdun.The Canadians' first occurred in the Battle of the Somme when they were asked to secure the town of Courcelette, France. -
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Battle of the Somme 2
On November 11th the 4th Canadian Division secured most of the German trenches in Courcelette and then rejoined the Canadian Corps at Vimy Ridge. The Battle of the Somme claimed 24,029 Canadian casualties. But also gave Canadian units the reputation of a fearsome assault force. -
United States
Originally the United States was a neutral country, refusing to join to war. However, the Germans attacked and killed British ships killing 1,200 passangers, 128 of them being Americans. Germany attempted to starve Britain, killing cargo ships of many countries including America. Not only this, however Germany tried convincing Mexico to go into war with the United States. Enraged the United States entered World War 1 on April 6, 1917. -
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Battle of Vimy Ridge
In the Battle of Vimy it was the first time that all four Canadian divisions were to join together and fight in combat as a corps. The attack began on April 9th, 1917, when every artillery piece at the disposal of the Canadian Corps began firing. The town of Les Tilleuls was captured by the 2nd Canadian Division. The Canadian divisions gained complete control of the ridge when they were able to capture the Givenchy-en-Gohelle from the Germans on April 12th 1917. -
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Second Battle of Passchendaele
The four divisions of the Canadian Corps were transferred to the Ypres Salient and told to advance on Passchendaele. The Canadian Corps operation was to occur in a series of three attacks in which had different objectives and were to be completed within a time span of 3 or more days. -
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Second Battle of Passchendaele 2
The final stage began on November 6th. Many units had already reached their final objectives and the town of Passchendaele had been captured. The final objective was to capture the remaining high ground north of the village in the vicinity of Hill 52 which was launched on November 11th. This attack was successful and brought the Third Battle of Ypres to an end. -
Russia
During World War I a revolution broke out within Russia. The revolution forced Russia into signing a treaty with Germany withdrawing Russia from World War I. -
Canadian Casualties
At the end of the war Canadian Casualities were a total of 67,000 killed, 173,000 injured, and out of an expeditionary force of 690,000 people mobilized, 39% were mobilized due to casualities. -
League of Nations
The League of Nations was the first international organization that had a main purpose of maintaing peace. They prevented wars by collective security, disarmament, and settling international arguments by negotiating and arbitrating. -
Germany: League of Nations
At the end of World War 1 one of the main peace treaties is called the Treaty of Versailles. The League of Nations was signed on June 28, 1919. This was signed five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. It ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers (France, Italy, and Russia). -
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed by the Allies (French, Italy and Russia), and German-Austria. This treaty contained the Covenant of the League of Nations -
Germany: Treaty of Versailles
In the Treaty of Versailles it stated that Germany must accept that it was their fault for causing the war. The charges against Germany were harsh, and demands of money were made for repairs. Luckily for Germany, many British and Americans began feeling that the charges were to harsh. Although the French did not change their mind about the charges. The Germans were not weakened in any way from these alligations, which is proven because they are the main reason of World War II. -
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was a peace agreement, signed in 1920. The countries that signed this treaty was the Allies, (French, Italy and Russia) and Hungary. The treaty set in place the borders of Hungary and territorial divisions. -
Adolf Hitler and Jews
Adolf Hitler was born is Austria. He was a German politician and leader of the Nazi party. His mistress was named Eva Braun. Hitler blamed the Jews for causing the unemployment as well as many other people. The Nazi's decided to mass murder all Jews. In the Summer of 1942, 200,650 men, women and children were taken to death camps. Not just jews were killed in Germany, but others were executed randomly. -
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Hitler - Stalin Pact and Polands defeat
In the summer of 1939, Hitler decided to invade Poland. Hitler made a pact with Stalin on August 23, 1939, on a non agression pact towards each other. With the non agression pact Hitler did not have to worry about the Soviet Union protecting Poland with France and Britain against Germany. Germany attacked Poland on September 1st. Briatin forced war upon Germany. By September 27th, Germany had conquered Poland. -
Germany's Position Before WWII
Before World War II Germany was in an economic disaster from the Great Depression. The country was in dept and most people were unemployed living on the streets. Hitler helped Germany out of an economic disater and brought his country back to wealth. This brought respect upon Hitler from the Germans. -
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Attacks on Britain and the Soviet Union
In 1940 Germany lost the war against Britain which forced Germany to canel their invasion plans. By the spring of 1941 Hitler broke the non agressive pact with the Soviet Union. Over 3 million Soviet soldiers were captured and 600,000 soviet prisoners of war died within 6 months. The Germans respected the Russians for being strong opponents. In December 1941, the Germans failed to capture Moscow. -
France
On May 10th, 1940, German troops stormed into France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg. Denmark and Norway had already fallen. The British troops fighting in France fled France. France fell soon after. -
United States
The war began as a European conflict, however soon became known as the World War II. The USA entered the World War when Japan bombed their naval base at Peral Harbour, Hawaii in the city of Hale lulu. In 1942, June 4th to 7th the US Navy sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers. In 1945 the USA developed the atomic bomb. They used it in August in the war against Japan to force them to surrender. -
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Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad had a major impact on World War II. Nazi Germany and their allies fought against the Soviet Union in hope to conquer the city of Stalingrad in the southwestern Soviet Union. Germany was damaged the most in this battle.
The Germans entire 6th army was surrounded in Stalingrad. Hitler did not allow them to leave, which caused the battle to last another 2 months. By February 1943 the army lost a lot of their food and ammunition, which forced the 6th Army to surrender. -
Hitler's end
The longer Hitler was in power the more respect he was losing. People noticed that Hitler makes to many irrational decisions and his behaviour was to unpredictable. The more wars Hitler lost the worse he became. From 1943 to 1945 there were many failed attempts to assassinate Hitler. Just before the fall of Berlin and the surrender of Germany Hitler and his wife commited suicide together on April 30th 1945.
