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Explorer 2 is launched by a Jupiter-C rocket, and fails to reach orbit.
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Pioneer 1, U.S. - IGY space probe, launched to a height of 70,700 miles.
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September 12, 1959 - Luna 2 is launched, impacting on the moon on September 13 carrying a copy of the Soviet coat of arms, and becoming the first man-made object to hit the moon.
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Vostok 6 carries Soviet Cosmonaut Valentia Tereshkova, the first woman in space and orbits the Earth 48 times.
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November 16, 1965 - Soviet Venus 3 is launched, becoming the first craft to impact Venus on March 1, 1966.
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April 23, 1967 - Soviet Soyuz 1 is launched, carrying Vladimir M. Komarov. On April 24 it crashed, killing Komarov, the first spaceflight fatality
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NASA launches the first Synchronous Meteorological Satellite, SMS-1.
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The Einstein Observatory begins its 30-day mission.
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Two Pioneer spacecraft reach Venus. One drops four probes into the atmosphere, while the other maps the surface.
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Asteroid XM1 passes within 65,000 miles of Earth.
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The NASA satellite Stardust lifts off for a rendezvous with the Comet Wild-2 in January of 2004