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royal proclomation Prevented any further settlement across North America until treaties had been negotiated with aboriginal peoples, and it recognized that aboriginals were organized nations on their own lands.This law is the basis for many modern aboriginal land claims, cause in several provinces like BC, treaties were never signed.
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reserve system Aboriginals were pushed onto reserves because they were seen as blocking future settlement of British North America. Federal gov passed legislation which granted the government control and management of the lands of Canadian INdians.
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Indian actThe Indian Act was the Canadians governments official way of encouraging aboriginal peoples to give up their own culture and traditions, thereby assimilating them into mainstream culture of Canada. Provided schools, medical care, hunting/fishing rights, annual treaty payments to aboriginals across country. Disadvantages: residential schools, no voting rights, denied the right to take up land as others could.
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votingFinally given right to vote in federal elections in Canaada.
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aboriginal operationsThese two organizations were made to represent status Indians, and Non status indians/metis. They had a negative reaction to the white paper that was made in 1969.
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white paperBecause of the poor traits of unemployment, ill health, and poverty , Trudeau and Jean Chretien wanted to make changes. THe white paper proposed the abolition of reserves ans special status. Premise was that equality was necassary for a solution to the problems of Indians, and special status was the main cause for those problems. indians rejected it, thought it was cultural genocide.
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closing residential schoolsSchools officially given over to Department of INdian Affairs. Catholic church opposed governments choice to phase out schools, tghought it was better for the children to go to their schools. However not all closed, almost all were closed in 1986, last one closed in 1996.
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by 1975, the declaration of the first Nations was adopted, including the rights of nationhood and self-governemnt. In addition, the constitution of 1982 guaranteed these rights would be recognized.
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Rene Levesque calls for French sovereignity with a referendum. He wanted the partnership between canada to include free trade, common currency, common tarrifs agianst imported goods. In the end the french voted 40% to seperate from Canada. TRudeau promised to recognize french as a distinct society in Canada.
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Trudeau wanted to patriate the constitution so that Canada has the sole authority to make changes to it. He wanted to incllude the charter of rights and freedoms in this amending formula. Western Provinces saw it as a way for them to get more say in national matters., quebec pushed for more power. Trudea Jean Chretien and justice ministers from Saskatchewan/ontario write the "kitchen accord", other premiers are woken up across the street to sign it.
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Established to represent aboriginals in their dealings with fed gov.The assembly was responsible for pushing for legal recognition of aboriginal rights. As a result, were entrenched in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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constitution official with queens consent, but quebec didnt agree to it. Flags flew at half mast, Levesque paraded through the streets.
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Gave aboriginal band councils the right to decide who could live on reserves.
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Mulroney and Reagan create a deal that eliminated tariffs between Canada and the US. Had skepticism because US businesses could overpower Canada with cheaper better goods.
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Provided legal framework for existing multicultural policies in Canada.Aimed to reinforce racial and cultural equality with legal authority.
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okaMunicipality of Oka, QBC, opposed the extention of a golf course that would go on their claimed land. They set up blockades that led to confrontations between police and MOhawk Warriors, One cop killed. Army was called in and a tense stand off occured, eventually fed gov bought the land and negotiated its transfer to Kanesatake First Nation
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Was opposed by Elijah Harper, aboriginal leader from Manitoba. He believed that Aboriginal peoples deserved special status alongside Quebec.
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Another protest after Oka Standoff. Aboriginal people in BC re occupied and claimed this land as they thought it was sacred ground.
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Phil Fontaine (grand chief of the assembly of Manitoba chiefs) and others come out about the sexual and physical abuse they suffered in residential schools.
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The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum
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ipperwashAboriginal people occupied land on a former army base which was taken during WWII but never returned. (comprehensive)
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NIsga'a people signed a treaty with BC and federal gov. Given wide powers of self-government related to issues of culture, language, and family life. Given ownership of 1,922 square kilometres of land, with hunting rights, and 190 million dollars.
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a statement by Honourable Jane Stewart, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, on the occasion of the unveiling of Gathering Strength — Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan. "n renewing our partnership, we must ensure that the mistakes which marked our past relationship are not repeated. The Government of Canada recognizes that policies that sought to assimilate Aboriginal people, women and men, were not the way to build a strong country"
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Aboriginals given th right to self govern over natural resources, education, and justice systems. there are no political parties, people run as individuals then vote for who should lead government. gave inuit 2 million square kilometres of land
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