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From Leningrad, he and his crew of two, traveled through 5,000 miles of Siberian wilderness to the Kamchatka Peninsula, from there built a boat, and set out on their voyage.
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Turns back to land somewhere in the Chukchi Sea, spots the Diomede Islands (but not the Alaskan Coast). Natives they met on their voyage tell him there is no connection between the two continents. On his return to Moscow to adress the Senate, he was told he failed his mission as he relied on the word of others. The result was the forfit of all his reward, no premotion, and a harsh delay of his payment; also, Bering's second expoiditon
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Takes a second sailor with him, Alexei Chirikov; they get seperated at the Alutiean Islands. Both ships made it to land; however, Alexei turned back after 18 of his men dissapeared (20 more died from scurvy) and Bering and many of his men, also weak from scurvy, starved to death. The ones who survived brought back many sea otter pelts and spawned a new wave of russian hunting and trapping.
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Both crews brought back many furs, and news of the plethra of fur bering animals in Alaska. This, coupled with the overwhelming demand of fur from China, prompted a huge fur-trade.
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For 20 years the flood of hunters did not cease, by that time they had reached Unalaska.
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Began enslaving the Aleuts. They also forced them to hunt.
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Began killing Russian crews and destroying ships. Did not help the threat from the Russians. Instead, entire villages were destroyed and burned.
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Looking for the fabeled North West Passage.
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Their charts of the arctic, combined w/ the Russians, gave a much more complete view of the area
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He was returned dismembered and burned. Crew attempted one more ill hearted mission to find the North West Passage in vain.
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Two ships commanded by Ignacio Atreaga.
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First Permanent russian settlement set up by Gregorii Shelikhov and his wife Natalia. There they enslaved the Natives and focred them to learn the Russian language and religion.
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Force them to the Pribilof Islands, severely cuts otter population.
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Also known as Comte de La Perouse, he was searching for the NorthWest Passage.
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Method includes plucking coarse hairs from the pelt to make them more velevety, this caused a spur of hunting and trapping by the Russians to make more money.
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From 1743 to 1799, over 187,000 pelts worth, 8 million rubbles ($6 million), boosted Russian economy.
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He is also granted a monoploly over Alaska
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Tensions increase between natives and russians, in 1804 Russians tried to attack the Kiksadi Fort and lost.
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Done after several unsuccessful attempts, they were disputed by both America and Britain and therefore pulled back to Alaska
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nearly bankrupts Russia, they look towards the US at selling Alaska.
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Found while exploring Cook Inlet
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Rush to what became known as the Cassiar gold district by those who had been working their way up from California.
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Bought for 2 cents an acre, at a total of $7.2 million
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First Alaskan News Paper
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Leads to the first Alaskan mining district.
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Rush of prospectors from Portland and San Fransisco.
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Leads to the formation of the Alaska Treadwell Gold Mining Co. Before the mines flooded in 1917, they extracted over $67 million worth of gold.
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Precursor to the Klondike Gold Rush
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80,000 people rush through the Yukon, Chikroot, and White Pass Trails. Over 1/3 turn back, and almost all of them were too late to stake any claims.
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While almost all people were too late, again, luckily there was placer gold found all along the beaches. A judge had set a ban on beach staking, therefore it was fair game to all. The first summer $2 million was extracted, by 1910, over $46 million had been combed from the beaches.
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Moved from Sitka, the same year the Yukon Railroad was completed.
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DIscovered by Felix Pedro, an Italian immigrant. Led to the formation of Fairbanks. Although having to dig through almost 200 feet of ground and permafrost, the effort was rewarded, the gold excavation from the Fairbanks was more than from the Klondike.
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Woman Granted Voting Rights.
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Cuts cost of transportation and of materials and helps develop coal mines around the state. Also, allowed easy access for heavy equipment to be brought into the interior.
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20 teams traveled 674 miles in record cold and hurricane winds.
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Designed by contest winner, Benny Benson
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Employed over 1/3 of Fairbanks population. These large companies replaced individual miners and took over most of the gold deposits in the state. Completion of the railroad boosted this.
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U.S responds by sending an overwhelming military force to Alaska. This inculdes the Alaska-Canada Highway being built to transport troops. The next year, the islands are reclaimed.
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Done after much debate and rallies by Alaskan citizens.
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Second largest ever recorded in the world. Seward and Valdez almost completely destroyed, Anchorage heavily damaged, and damage was done all the way down to California
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Plans to build the North Slope begins soon after
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Price shoots up to $800 an ounce (from $32) then settles around $250-$400. This caused a new surge of gold mining, and saw the reopening of many mines in the state closed for war-time efforts.
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This was the first deal between Natives and the Federal Government where the Natives were able to express self-determination and the Bureau of Indian Affiars did not control what they got. The $1 billion and 44 million acres given to the natives are controled by the Native Board of Directors and Native Corporations. Today these corporations hold strong economic power in resource development, tourism, and construction. Some have even invested in and sponsered bussinesses in the lower 48.
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Work is finished in 1977.
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The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act is passed. This sets aside 104 million acres of land in Alaska to be perserved. Also the act expanded existing wildlife refuges and created new ones. Although there were many loop holes in the act, and wilderness was allowed access into by plane, snowmachine, and motor-boats. Also it allowed oil surveying and "exploritory drilling" to be done in ANWR. Despite its faults, the bill laid a framework for conservation in Alaska.
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Spilt along 1,500 miles of coastline, the clean-up effort lasted 3 years and the impacts much longer.
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Went undedected for five days. 3rd largest in pipeline history, only surpassed by the bombing of it in 1978.