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The British crown granted the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in Rupert's land. The reigon included pariries grassland that was part of the range of Great Buffalo Herds.
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The fur trade was dominated by two main competitors, the HBC and The North West Company (NWC.)
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HBC still ran the Rupert's Land Territory.
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There were few permanent settlements, because trading posts were scattered throughout the reigon.
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Few First Nations and the Metis people on the prairies had an intrest in political connection with the British North American colonies.
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Generation of the First Nation had a woven a way of life around the bison, better known as the Buffalo.
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Metis people had inherited many of their First Natios reletives' traditions, including the buffalo hunt.
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Buffalo hides were used for clothing and shelter, while bones and other body parts were used to ,ake various tools and objects.
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First Nation hunting traditions used generations of knowledge about geography and animal behaviour.
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Rolls insured the success of each community's hunt, which was vital to its economic success.
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A Scotish nobleman, Thomas Douglas, the Earl of Selkirk, purchased land in Southern Manitoba from the Hudson's Bay Company
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Thomas Douglas brought his first group of Scotish setlers to North America.
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NWC traders told local Metis people that the new people would be given Metis land. Although many Metis had farmed the land for years, most did not formlly own it.
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Red River was a critical point in the North West Company's (NWC) supply route to the west.
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Selkirk's settlers almost immediately ran into comflict with the NWC traders and Metis people
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The colony's governor banned the export of pemmican. He wanted to be sure his settlers would have enough to eat.
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The Metis group were expreienced fighters. They were used to working together on buffalo hunts. Robert Semple and twenty settlers were killed in the battle.
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Tensions in the colony were high. A group of Metis people led by Cuthbert Grant encourted the colony's new governor, Robert Semple, and his men. The result is known as the Battle of Seven Oaks.
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Selkirk arrived with more settlers. However, the settlement continued to face battle, this time from the natural world. Frost, grasshoppers, and a major flood wiped out crops and settlements in the years that followed.
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The HBC and NWC merged. The rivalry thjat had stirred up conflict was now officially over. In years of peace that followed, the Metis population grew rapidly.
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The Great Buffalo hurbs that has supported First Nation on the prairies for centuries went into quick decline.
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First Nations and Metis life on the prarires began to change.
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Vancouver Island and the surrounding islands in the Gulf of Georgia became a British colony.
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The non-First Nations Population of Vancouver Island was small, mostly HBC employees and their family.
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After Vancouver Island became a colony, James Douglas negotiated Treaties to aquire First Nation land for settlement and mining.
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First Nations and Metis main economic livelihood was quickly disappearing with it went social, political, and sometimes spiritual traditions that formed the foundation of their socities.
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Many communities in Rupert's Land were devestated by European diseases, such as Smallpox.
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The Supreme Court of Canada has wooled that the transactions were treaties because Douglas was negotiating on the behave of the British Crown.
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First Nations And Metis people had to face setlers and politicians from the east, who showed increasing intrest in their land.
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Usually treaties offered First Nations payments of some kind in return for the right to settle on ceded lands.
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The land was occupied by many First Nations, along with a few non Aboriginal fur trapers and trades.
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"It became necessary to obtain meat for the Brigade, all the pemmican being exhausted. In order to accomplish this the Buffalo had to be hunted and all the passengers myself uncluded accompained the Hunters.
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Treatie-making on Vancouver Island, when the colony ran out of money for further expansion.
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Red river seemed completely isolated from other settlements on the continent.
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The United States railway system reached St. Paul, Minnesota. Carts from Red River already travelled regularly to St. Paul.
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everything changed, gold was discovered on the lower fraser river.
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Britain ended HBC control over the area and established British Columbia as a colony.
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Politicians in Canada West became increasingly anxious to claim Red River as their own.
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The miners continued their quest for gold and the murders of the Salish First Nation protesters were never resolved.
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The crown did not considered the colony to be settled enough to warrant its own government.
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Work began to upgrade trials to the goldfields. Mainlly Chinese and First Nations workers took on the difficult, dangers work.
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A crowed of Salish people gathered to protest. The miners opened fire, killing seven Salish people.
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The Hudson Bay Company (HBC), the only governmental authirity in the area, feared they were losing control of the reigon.
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Metis communities were the main permmican suppliers for the North West Company. The buffalo hunt was a significant part of the Metis economy
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Another major discovery send gold seekers further upriver to Cariboo Distric.
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First Nations communities had their claims to the land suddenly challenged.
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The population increased repitly with people from many diverse backgrounds. Roads, bridges and other kinds of infrastuctures were built.
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Although some people left at the end of the rush, many stayed, putting the colony on a faster track for Confederation.
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The gold rush created immediate demand for infrastructure, such as roads and housing.
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The journey north to the Cariboo was physically punishing and risky.
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The Gold Rush quickly increased the diversity of British Columbia's population. In particular, many chinese people arrived to work in the gold rush.
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British Columbia was merged with Vancouver Island into one colony
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The Cameron, The Wattie, And The Tinker Companies claims are shown here in the Cariboo District.
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First Nations used almost every part of the buffalo they killed. Traditionally, communities took only what they needed for their own use, with a little extra to trade for items they could not produce themselves.
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One of the most famous buffalo jumps is at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump in southern Alberta. Archaeological evidence shows Frist Nations used the site for thousands of years.
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The far west, The Rocky Mountains formed a natural barrier with the west coast. Rupert's Land also includuded a large woodland region to the north.
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European sport hunters sometimes killed hundreds of buffalos and left them to rot. This pile of buffalo bones was collected near Gull Lake, Saskatchewan.
