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It made it easier for workers to separate the seeds from by simply turning a crank.
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Oversaw major westward expansion of the U.S. and strengthened American foreign policy in 1823 with the Monroe Doctrine
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Became a father of 13 children from three different marriages, six of those children being leaders in many women's rights and education programs and education and religion directors.
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American bondsman who planned the first major slave rebellion in U.S. history. Greatly increased the whites’ fear of the slave population throughout the South.
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Constitutes the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the United States.
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Gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans
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Attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery.
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Established the U.S. Supreme Court's power of judicial review.
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To explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest. The expedition was a major chapter in the history of American exploration.
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An attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to prohibit American ships from trading in foreign ports.
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A naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia. between the British warship HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake. The crew of Leopard pursued, attacked, and boarded the American frigate, looking for deserters from the Royal Navy.
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A substitute for the Embargo Act of 1807, which had prohibited any export of goods from the US. Act failed and the U.S ended up fighting Britain in the War of 1812.
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defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to become the nation's fourth chief executive. Madison issued a war proclamation against Britain in 1812. Even though the U.S was not ready for war.
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Returned all territorial conquests made by the two sides.
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Washington was picked as the target because of its symbolic importance, its easy access from the sea, and the inability of American troops to defend it.
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United States expanded to the Pacific Ocean largely defining the borders of the contiguous United States as they are today.
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Marked the end of Indian resistance east of the Mississippi River, and soon after most of the depleted tribes were forced west.
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Ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain.
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Delegates gathered in Hartford, Connecticut, to discuss the impact of the War of 1812 on their home states' economies.
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Performed all operations converting raw cotton into finished cloth.
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One of the most important port cities in the U.S. at the time. The city allowed access to the Mississippi River, an important route for both transportation and shipping.
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Monroe was the first clear representative of the one-party system under the Republicans. The political cooperation stemming from one-party politics, and because of America's high morale after the War of 1812.
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Eliminate both countries' burgeoning naval fleets stationed in the Great Lakes.
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To settle boundary issues and disputes between the US and British North America following the War of 1812.
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Defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.
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An effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted.
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The court held that the charter of Dartmouth College granted by King George III of England was a contract and, as such, could not be impaired by the New Hampshire legislature.
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One of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. Ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.
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Post War of 1812, Banks throughout the country failed; mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment.
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self-educated African American who planned the most extensive slave revolt in U.S. history called for the rebels to attack guardhouses and arsenals, seize their arms, kill all whites, burn and destroy the city, and free the slaves.
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Created separate spheres of European and American influence.
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One of the most hotly contested and most important in American history. Of the four major candidates, none received the requisite majority in the Electoral College. John was elected sixth president of the United States.
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A landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.
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the Owenite social experiment was an economic failure two years after it began, the community made some important contributions to American society. An example being a center for advances in education and scientific research.
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Greatly facilitated the transportation of passengers and freight between the eastern seaboard and Michigan ports.
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Destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans.
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Designed to protect American industry from cheaper British commodities. Opposition to the rise of taxes on raw materials, like cotton and tobacco, in the South led to the Nullification Crisis.
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published a seminal essay on the importance of women as teachers, "Suggestions Respecting Improvements in Education." She also published A Treatise on Domestic Economy, which aimed to codify domestic duties and emphasized the importance of women's labor.
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helped to standardize English language usage in the United States and not only reflected the moral values of the country in the 19th century but also shaped them.
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Established a process whereby the President could grant land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes that agreed to give up their homelands.
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a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.
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The convention declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. They said that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession.
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Black Hawk hoped to return his people to their homes, or at least to lands on the Rock River. And he believed that he could force the Americans to accept the justice of Sauk and Fox claims.
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He thought it was a threat to the traditional ideals with which America was endowed. Just like Jefferson he thought that the control of the money supply in a centralized entity was a danger for American society.
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It was central to the Second Party System from the early 1840s to the mid-1860s. It originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party.
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It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia.
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They did not like laws made by Santa Anna, Mexico's president. The Tejanos and Texans decided to fight for independence.
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the location of an important battle for Texans fighting for independence from Mexico. In 1836, a small group of Texans was defeated by Mexican General Santa Anna.
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Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. The principal reason for Jackson's implementation of the Specie Circular was high inflation.
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crisis in financial and economic conditions in the nation following changes in the banking system initiated by President Andrew Jackson. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up.
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emerged as an elder statesman and important anti-slavery leader who led the Free Soil Party ticket in the 1848 presidential election.
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announced a revelation which renamed the church as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.
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Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
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developed out of a Society of Inquiry. As new recruits arrived, the society turned into a socialized community.
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Resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. Ever since the Treaty of Peace of 1783, there had been a dispute over the northeastern boundary of Maine.
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made up a complex of foreign privileges by virtue of the most-favored-nation clauses guaranteeing trading equality conceded to every signatory.
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became Speaker in 1835, the only president to have been Speaker. Polk left Congress to run for governor; he won in 1839, but lost in 1841 and 1843.
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His efforts culminated on April 12 in a Treaty of Annexation, an event that caused Mexico to sever diplomatic relations with United States.
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Mexican cavalry attacked a group of U.S. soldiers in the disputed zone under the command of General Zachary Taylor, killing about a dozen. They then laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande. Helped to fulfill America's "manifest destiny" to expand its territory across the entire North American continent.
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rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. proceeded to occupy San Francisco on July 2, but failed.
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Overhauled the state's public-education system and established a series of schools to train teachers.
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Added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
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had severe effects on Native Californians and resulted in a precipitous population decline from disease, genocide and starvation.
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Caused him to conclude that it was not enough to be simply against slavery and the war. A person of conscience had to act. Aimed for the importance of individuality and self reliance.
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led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world.
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The United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico.
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Opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan.
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opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan.
