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Eli Whitney Patented the Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney inveted a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber. -
Horace Mann Elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education
Horace Mann is one of the most well-known reformers of education for the United States. He is credited with leading the Common School Movement, which helped to lay the framework for a publicly funded education system. -
Thomas Jefferson Elected President
Thomas Jefferson was a Republican. He was tied with Aaron Burr until Alexander Hamilton made the deciding vote to make Thomas Jefferson President. -
Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt
He intended to make himself king of a new black nation. On Aug. 30, 1800, Prosser assembled a number of slaves outside Richmond. However, the militia captured several dozen slaves. Prosser was finally caught on board a ship in Norfolk and was hanged in Richmond. As a result of the planned revolt, Virginia's slave laws were tightened and abolitionist societies were forced to go underground. -
Second Great Awakening Began
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. Membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening -
Louisiana Purchase
Land deal between the United States and France. This land deal led to the United States gaining approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. -
Marbury v. Madison
This event established the right to Judicial Review by the Supreme Court. It also gave the right to declare laws unconstitutional. -
Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition
Started by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. It's purpose was to find the most direct and practicable water communication across the continent, for the purposes of commerce. -
Lyman Beecher Delivered His "Six Sermons on Intemperance"
In 1806 he preached a widely circulated sermon on duelling, and about 1814 a series of six sermons on intemperance, which were reprinted frequently and greatly aided temperance reform. https://quizlet.com/30285946/apush-unit-3-flash-cards/ -
Embargo Act
Act put into law by Thomas Jefferson in 1807 that was the lowpoint of his presidency. Outlawed the sailing of American ships to foreign ports. This law was intended to protect American ships from the impressment of foreign forces, but ended up simply decimating the economies of port cities and reminded many Americans of the British Navigation Acts. https://quizlet.com/52088522/apush-period-4-1800-1848-flash-cards/ -
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. https://quizlet.com/3094435/apush-chapter-8-9-terms-flash-cards/ -
James Madison Elected President
The United States presidential election of 1808 was the sixth presidential election. The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively. -
Non-Intercourse Act
In the last sixteen days of President Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the Congress replaced the Embargo Act of 1807 with the almost unenforceable Non-Intercourse Act of March 1809. This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. -
Francis Cabot Lowell Smuggled Memorized Textile Mill Plans From Manchester, England
After touring the British textile mills, Lowell made sketches of his observations. Returning to America, he improved Slater's cotton spinning machine into a cotton mill. -
Beginning of Manifest Destiny
The phrase "manifest destiny" is most often associated with the territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1860. This era, from the end of the War of 1812 to the beginning of the American Civil War, has been called the "age of manifest destiny". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destiny -
Death of Tecumseh
Tried to unite the Indians against America. Believed the United States should not be gaining land. Tecumseh died at the Battle of the Thames. -
The British Burn Washington DC
An incident during the War of 1812 between the British Empire and the United States of America. A British force occupied Washington, D.C. and set fire to many public buildings following the American defeat at the Battle of Bladensburg. The facilities of the U.S. government, including the White House and U.S. Capitol, were largely destroyed. -
Treaty of Ghent Ratified
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. Peace negotiations began in Ghent, Belgium, starting in August of 1814 - hence why it was named the treaty of Ghent. -
End of the War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Enhanced nationalism of Americans. https://quizlet.com/52088522/apush-period-4-1800-1848-flash-cards/ -
Battle of New Orleans
A large British invasion force was repelled by Andrew Jackson's troops at New Orleans. Jackson had been given the details of the British army's battle plans by the French pirate, Jean Laffite. About 2500 British soldiers were killed or captured, while in the American army only 8 men were killed. Neither side knew that the Treaty of Ghent had ended the War of 1812 two weeks before the battle. This victory inspired American nationalism. https://quizlet.com/575884/apush-voc7-flash-cards/ -
Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1815. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done. -
Era of Good Feeling Began
The period after the War of 1812 where there was little or no fighting or disagreements between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. James Monroe defeated one of the last Federalist opponents in the election of 1816 and won his reelection without any opposition in 1820. https://quizlet.com/1457038/ap-us-set-6-flash-cards/ -
Rush-Bagot Treaty
The Rush-Bagot Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Britain enacted in 1817. The treaty laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the U.S. and British North America. This agreement was indicative of improving relations between the United States and Great Britain in the period following the War of 1812. -
James Monroe Elected President
Part of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was the fifth president of the United States. -
Anglo-American Convention
Signed by Britain and the United States, the pact allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the northern border of Louisiana territory and provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for ten years. https://quizlet.com/19823213/apush-chapter-12-flash-cards/ -
Adams-Onis Treaty
The treaty caused Spain to sell the remainder of Florida to United States. The treaty also defined the boundary of Mexico. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the United States by establishing that the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank. -
Panic of 1819
First major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812. -
Dartmouth College V. Woodward
New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts. -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. At the time, the United States contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between slave and free. -
Denmark Vesey Slave Revolt
Denmark Vesey was an African American slave brought to the United States from the Caribbean. After purchasing his freedom, he planned what would have been one of the largest slave rebellions in the United States. Word of the plans was leaked, and at Charleston, South Carolina, authorities arrested the leaders before the uprising could begin. Vesey and others were tried, convicted and executed. -
Monroe Doctrine
A declaration by the President in 1823 that warned European powers to keep out of the Western Hemisphere and pledged that the United States would not intervene in the internal affairs of Europe. https://quizlet.com/52088522/apush-period-4-1800-1848-flash-cards/ -
Gibbons V. Ogden
Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce. -
John Quincy Adams Elected President (Corrupt Bargain)
In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State. https://quizlet.com/28728090/unit-3-flash-cards/ -
Erie Canal Completed
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West. https://quizlet.com/23328412/erie-canal-flash-cards/ -
Robert Owen Founded the New Harmony Community
Communal society of around one thousand members, established in New Harmony, Indiana by Robert Owen. The community attracted a hodgepodge of individuals, from scholars to crooks, and fell apart due to infighting and confusion after just two years. https://quizlet.com/65433452/apush-chapter-13-terms-flash-cards/ -
Charles B. Finney Lead Religious Revivals in Western New York
The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. Revivals and camp meetings continued to be held by various denominations, and in some areas of the mid-Atlantic, led to the development of seasonal cottages for meetings. -
Tariff of Abominations
Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. It passed because New England favored high tariffs. https://quizlet.com/28728090/unit-3-flash-cards/ -
Andrew Jackson Elected President
Andrew Jackson was elected the 7th president in 1828. He claimed to be of humble origins, although he was wealthy. -
Catherine Beecher Published Essays on the Education of Female Teachers
In this essay, she promoted women as natural teachers, but also advocated for an expansion and development of teacher training programs, claiming that the work of a teacher was more important to society than that of a lawyer or doctor. -
Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. -
Joseph Smith Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
It was a newer religious movement that became a branch of Christianity. Believed Jesus is the savior; they had additional scriptures and practices. Formed by Joseph Smith in 1830 and led to Utah by Brigham Young after Joseph Smiths death. -
Worcester V. Georgia
Established tribal autonomy within their boundaries, i.e. the tribes were "distinct political communities, having territorial boundaries within which their authority is exclusive." -
Black Hawk War
Series of clashes in Illinois and Wisconsin between American forces and Indian chief Black Hawk of the Sauk and Fox tribes. These Indian tribes unsuccessfully tried to reclaim territory lost under the 1830 Indian Removal Act. -
Nullification Crisis Began
Crisis begun during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Due to the crisis, southerners began to doubt President Jackson's ability to represent southern interests. -
Andrew Jackson Vetoed the Re-Charter of the Second Bank of the United States
The veto became a blow against monopoly, aristocratic parasites and foreign domination. Jackson said that the bank was a monopoly that catered to the rich, and that it was owned by the wealthy and by foreigners. Instead, Jackson created pet banks and destabilized the national currency and aid. -
Creation of the Whig Party in the U.S.
Political party formed to go against Andrew Jackson. They were against the executive branch having too much power. Martin Van Buren was elected as a Whig candidate in 1836 -
Treaty of New Echota
It cost three men their lives and provided the legal basis for the Trail of Tears, the forcible removal of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. The Treaty of New Echota was signed, ceding Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation. -
Andrew Jackson Issues Specie Circular
Issued by President Jackson in 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. -
Battle of the Alamo
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar, killing the Texian defenders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo -
Texas Declared Independence from Mexico
The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the next day after mistakes were noted in the text. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Declaration_of_Independence -
First McGuffey Reader Published
These pieces of literature were used as textbooks for homeschooling. The author hammered lessons in morality, patriotism, and idealism. -
Transcendental Club's First Meeting
Members were a loosely knit group of intellectually curious individualists. They used these meetings to discuss philosophy, religion, and literature. -
Martin Van Buren Elected President
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. A founder of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the ninth Governor of New York, the tenth U.S. Secretary of State, and the eighth Vice President of the United States. -
Panic of 1837
It was a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Trail of Tears Began
The land and water route used by the US government to forcefully remove thousands of Cherokee Indians from their homes between Georgia and Oklahoma. Along the way, over 4,000 Indians died. https://quizlet.com/18584118/trail-of-tears-flash-cards/ -
Ralph Waldo Emerson gave the "Divinity School Address"
This speech was presented to divinity students at Harvard. The address rejected institutional religion in favor of a personal relationship with God. It also stated that religious truth was discovered by intuition. -
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies (the region that became Canada). -
Treaty of Wanghia with China
Signed by the U.S. and China, it assured the United States the same trading concessions granted to other powers, greatly expanding America's trade with the Chinese. -
U.S. Annexation of Texas
The Annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1845–1848. During his tenure, U.S. President James K. Polk oversaw the greatest territorial expansion of the United States to date. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/texas-annexation -
Bear Flag Revolt
A small group of American settlers in California rebelled against the Mexican government and proclaimed California an independent republic. https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/bear-flag-revolt -
Start of the Mexican War
War between Mexico and the United States that started as the result of the annexation of Texas, a boundary dispute and the U.S's desire to obtain Mexico's northern territories. https://quizlet.com/2332328/unit-9-mexican-war-to-civil-war-flash-cards/ -
Gold Rush Began in California
The California Gold Rush began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the U.S.-Mexican War and transferred 500,000 square miles of land from Mexico to United States ownership. -
John Humphrey Noyes Founded the Oneida Community
The Oneida Community was a perfectionist religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 in Oneida, New York. ... The Oneida Community practiced communalism (in the sense of communal property and possessions), complex marriage, male sexual continence, and mutual criticism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_Community -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Southerners wanted this land in order to build southern transcontinental railroad, it also showed the American belief in Manifest Destiny. -
Commodore Matthew Perry Entered Tokyo Harbor Opening Japan to the U.S.
The United States and the Opening to Japan. On July 8, 1853, American Commodore Matthew Perry led his four ships into the harbor at Tokyo Bay, seeking to re-establish for the first time in over 200 years regular trade and discourse between Japan and the western world. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/opening-to-japan -
Kanagawa Treaty
In Tokyo, Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, representing the U.S. government, signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/treaty-of-kanagawa-signed-with-japan -
Henry David Thoreau Published Civil Disobedience
A public, nonviolent, conscientious, yet political act, contrary to law, usually done with the aim of bring about change in the law or policies of the government. -
James Polk Elected President
The United States presidential election of 1844 was the 15th quadrennial presidential election, held from November 1, to December 4, 1844. Democrat James K. Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on the controversial issues of slavery and the annexation of the Republic of Texas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1844
