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(R) Herbert Hoover defeated (D) Alfred Smith.
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Opposing modernism and modernist thought, they taught that every word of the Bible was fundamentally true.
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Influencing the role of women, scientific knowledge, and the Social Gospel movement, they supported Darwin's theory of evolution and modern-day science.
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Replaced the railroad industry as the key promoter of economic growth.
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Founded by Marcus Garvey, it advocate Black pride.
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Blacks faced discrimination in the North and South. Blacks migrated to Harlem, where it became famous for its concentration of Black actors, artists, musicians, and writers.
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Was passed to save grain and to maintain a sober workplace; although, it didn't stop anyone from drinking it (bootleg alcohol).
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Brought north by Black musicians, the jazz age became a symbol of the "new" and "modern" culture of the cities.
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Harding reduced the income tax, increased tariff rates under Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922, and established the Bureau of the Budget.
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Separation of labor between men and women continued, but washing devices eased women's jobs.
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Women's suffrage forced lawmakers to listen to feminists. Liberalized divorce laws resulted in 1 and 6 divorced marriages by 1930.
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The value of education in regards to economic opportunity increased. 25% of school-aged adults graduated from high school around this time.
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Manufacturing processes and assembly lines were made faster thus increasing wealth and productivity.
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Governments offered corporate tax cuts and didn't enforce antitrust laws. Led to unequal income and speculation in markets.
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Farmers were left in debt after the war. Chemical fertilizers and gasoline tractors did increase production, however.
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Unions and strike efforts failed. Capitalists practiced open shop and welfare capitalism.
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Scorning religion as hypocritical and bitterly condemning the sacrifices of wartime as a fraud perpetuated by money interests were the two dominant themes at this time.
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Wrote about the mindless conformity of middle-class American society in the age of affluence.
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Defined the modern aesthetic that we see today in poetry.
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Transformed laissez-faire Republicans into Republicans who advocated the federal government to an extent.
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(R) Warren G. Harding was elected president over (D) James Cox, although through compromise.
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Men and women revolted against sexual taboos in the 1920s. Promiscuity increased.
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Employed women lived in the cities, where they worked as clerks, nurses, teachers, and domestics, and they received lower wages than men.
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Expressed Black nationalism and intellectualism but not back-to-Africa sentiment.
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Nativists convinced Congress to pass quota laws (1921 and 1924) to limit Asians and southern/eastern Europeans. Japanese were barred.
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Nativists committed two Italian immigrants of murder, which liberal Americans believed was due to their poor Italian heritage. They were eventually executed.
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(R) Calvin Coolidge defeated (D) John Davis. Coolidge supported limited government and private businesses.
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Wrote about the harshness of war and the time he spent overseas.
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Wrote The Great Gatsby, a book that captured a moral vacuity of postwar America, a society obsessed with wealth and status.
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Black poets like Langston Hughes and Claude McKay wrote about African-American heritage, while Black jazz musicians like Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong did the same thing.
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An unprecedented volume of selling took place on Wall Street that led to the plunge of stock prices.
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Buying on margin allowed people to borrow most of the cost of stock; this is one of the contributing factors of the crash.
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Set tax increase ranging from 31% to 49% on foreign imports.
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Okie farmers traveled to California after poor farming practices and high winds blew away millions of tons of dried topsoil.
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Dawes Plan for collecting war debts could no longer continue, so Hoover proposed a suspension (moratorium) on the payment of international debts. Britain and Germany accepted (France didn't).
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Repealed the 18th Amendment. Passed to resolve criminal activity, growing public resentment, and economic problems caused by the Depression.
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Legalized the sale of beer and wine to raise needed tax money.
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Established a bank holiday on March 6, 1933, to restore confidence in solvent banks.
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Increased regulation of banks and limited how banks could invest consumers' money.
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Provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures.
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Provided low-interest farm loans and mortgages to prevent foreclosures on the property of indebted farmers.
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Offered grants of federal money to states and local governments.
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Allotted money to state and local governments for building roads, bridges, dams, and other public works.
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Employed young men on projects on federal lands.
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Hired thousands of people to build dams, operate electric power plants, manufacture fertilizer, and control flooding and explosion in the Tennessee Valley.
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Regulated the stock market and placed limits on speculative practices.
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Insured bank loans for building new houses and repairing old ones.
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Authorized the government to examine the finances of banks closed during the bank holiday.
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Hired laborers for temporary construction projects.
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Provided loans to sharecroppers, tenants, and small farmers.
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Taught farmers to rotate crops, terrace fields, and plant trees to stop soil erosion and conserve water.
