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Ellis Island and Federal Immigration Regulation
President Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) designated Ellis Island, located in New York Harbor near the Statue of Liberty, as a federal immigration station. -
Prohibition was all but sealed by the time the United States entered World War I in 1917, but the conflict served as one of the last nails in the coffin of legalized alcohol.
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the war ended, Hoover, as head of the American Relief Administration, arranged shipments of food and aid to war-ravaged Europe. He earned worldwide acclaim for his humanitarian efforts, as well as thousands of appreciative letters from people across Europe who benefited from the free meals known as “Hoover lunches.”
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More Urban Than Rural
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Steel Strike Ends
The Great Steel Strike of 1919 ends with capitulation by the steelworkers. -
Palmer Raids
launching a period of intense governement of radical dissedent in response in the postwar Red Scare of the nation -
Garvey Conference
convenes the first International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World in New York's Madison Square Garden. -
Too Much Cotton
The resulting overproduction causes a collapse in prices, with cotton falling to less than 10 cents a pound -
19th Amendment
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Too Much Cotton
The resulting overproduction causes a collapse in prices, with cotton falling to less than 10 cents a pound -
A Good Time to Be Middle-Class
However, the fantastic wealth accrued by the rich during the decade shouldn't obscure the real and sustained gains made by the urban working and middle-classes. -
Labor Militancy, Recession, and Recovery
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Jazz Age
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art deco
artitect style characterisitcs -
harlem rennissance
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prohibition
the cinsumption of alcohol -
Zeta Phi Beta, an African-American sorority, is founded at Howard University.
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Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence and In Morocco
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Eugene O'Neill, The Emperor Jones
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African Americans were highly influential in the music and literature of the 1920s.
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H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan found The American Mercury, which ceases publication in 1951.
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Harry Pace establishes Black Swan Phonograph Corporation. The company is the first African-American record company. Prominent artists include Mamie Smith, Bessie Smith, and Ethel Waters.
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"Shuffle Along," written by Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake, debuts on Broadway. The musical is considered the first major theatrical production of the Harlem Renaissance.
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The Tulsa Race Riot begins. When the riot ends the following day, an estimated 60 African-Americans and 21 white residents have been killed. In addition to these casualties, the African-American business district known as Deep Greenwood is destroyed.
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Bessie Smith records her first sides for Columbia. Her song “Down Hearted Blues” will become the first million-selling record by an African-American recording artist.
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Some states refused to enforce Prohibition.
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This animated film, featuring the most popular cartoon character of the time, offers a unique view of the evolution controversy: how do you present a highly divisive issue in popular entertainment?
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Countee Cullen, Caroling Dusk (anthology) and Copper Sun
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In 1928 the Forum, which described itself as "a magazine of controversy," addressed the religion-science debate in its monthly definition contest, offering prizes for the best definitions for religion and the scientific attitude
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End of the Boom: The Great Crash and the Great Depression
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Countee Cullen, Black Christ and Other Poems
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bull market,” and the public, from banking and industrial magnates to chauffeurs and cooks, rushed to brokers to invest their surplus or their savings in securities, which they could sell at a profit
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inflation of taxes
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Between 1820 and 1930, some 4.5 million Irish migrated to the United States.
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The Dust Bowl, also known as “the Dirty Thirties,” started in 1930 and lasted for about a decade, but its long-term economic impacts on the region lingered much longer.
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. He believed business prosperity would trickle down to the average person. This philosophy was not effective against the depression. His failure to end it led to his defeat in the 1932 presidential election against Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal.
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Purpose was to provide government subsidies to farmers -
Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
Organized to utilize the nation's unemployed youth by building roads, planting trees and improving parks. -
Emergency Banking Act
Shut down of the nations banks, which allowed the government to examine all banks and allow those that were financially sound to open back up. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC)
preserves and promotes public confidence in the U.S. financial system by insuring deposits in banks and thrift institutions for at least $250,000 -
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
provide recovery and relief from the Depression -
National Recovery Act (NRA) regulate industry in an attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery.
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Hired people to build dams to prevent flooding and solid electricity -
Federal Securities Act (FSA)
Requires corporations to provide all information on stocks. Securities and Exchange. -
an estimated 35 million acres of formerly cultivated land had been rendered useless for farming, while another 125 million acres—an area roughly three-quarters the size of Texas—was rapidly losing its topsoil.
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Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. -
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Employed 4 million people for 15 dollars a week. Construction and repair jobs. Provided temporary employment. -
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) protect the rights of employees and employers,
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Social Security Act of 1935
Permanent agency designed to ensure that the older segment of society always would have enough money to survive. Old age benefits. -
Works Progress Administration (WPA) Employed 85 million people in construction and other jobs. Established under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act.
