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It started as a naval campaign, with British warships sent to attack Constantinople (now Istanbul). -
The battle of Gallipoli was an unsuccessful attempt by the Allied Powers of World War I to control the sea route from Europe to Russia. The Gallipoli Campaign, also known as the Battle of Gallipoli, took place on the Ottoman Empire's Gallipoli Peninsula (modern Turkey). -
British seaplane from HMS Ark Royal conducts reconnaissance over the Straits. Anglo-French flotilla, including HMS Queen Elizabeth, starts long-range bombardment of Ottoman coastal artillery. Initial plans delayed due to bad weather, but by 25 February, outer forts reduced and entrance cleared of mines. Royal Marines land to destroy guns at Kum Kale and Seddülbahir. -
Admiral Carden plans for the fleet to arrive in Istanbul within 14 days. Intercepted German wireless message reveals Ottoman forts running out of ammunition. Main attack planned for around 17 March. -
Entente fleet launches the main attack on the Dardanelles. French battleship Bouvet strikes a mine and capsizes.
Minesweepers retreat under Ottoman artillery fire, leaving minefields intact.. French battleships Suffren and Gaulois damaged by secretly placed mines. Entente naval losses force termination of naval power efforts to force the straits. Planning for land-based capture of Turkish defenses begins. -
New Zealand troops join the MEF at Lemnos to prepare for the invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula
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The invasion plan was for 29th Division to land at Helles on the tip of the peninsula, then advance on Kilitbahir forts. The Anzacs were to land north of Gaba Tepe on the Aegean coast. From there they could advance across the peninsula and cut off any retreat or reinforcement from Kilitbahir. -
Mustafa Kemal launched a concerted attack to drive the Anzacs back to the beach in the afternoon of April 27. The Ottomans were held off throughout the night, supported by naval gunfire. -
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Numerically superior Turkish force attacked towards the Centre of the ANZAC position, attempting to recapture the beachhead and repulse them from the peninsula.
This was the worst defeat of them all, with around ten thousand casualties, -
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Australians attack at Lone Pine, Quinn’s Post and Russell’s Top at The Nek; Old No. 3 Post retaken and Table Top and Bauchop’s Hill taken by NZ Mounted Rifles Brigade -
reinforced by Auckland Mounted Rifles and two British battalions during the day; relieved by Otago Battalion and Wellington Mounted Rifles that night. The 5th NZ Reinforcements reach Anzac and go into the firing line -
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At Sulva on the Kiretch Tepe ridge, British units advanced against the Turks. The attackers suffered over 2,000 casualties and little progress was made.
By this time there had been a record 45% evacuation of South Australian soldiers due to acute diarrhea. -
A mixed force of Australians, New Zealanders, and Britons assaulted the flanks of Hill 60, gaining a little ground. They were successful. -
From Egypt, Jim Martin and his battalion were sent to Gallipoli, and their transport ship was later torpedoed by a German U-boat. Before being rescued, Martin and his battalion spent several hours in the water. Martin's landing at Gallipoli was in the early hours of the morning.
Jim Martin positioned himself near Wire Gully. -
General Sir Ian Hamilton wrote: "It would be unwise to expect to leave Gallipoli with less than half the force ... we may be lucky and lose considerably less than I have estimated. -
Lord Kitchener proposes to evacuate Gallipoli. This would mean evacuating over 93,000 troops, 200 guns and over 5000 animals as well as large amounts of supplies and ammunition. -
The British government eventually agreed to evacuate the Anzacs and Sulvans, but to keep Hellas. -
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The British Government ordered the evacuation of Helles. -