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He isolated the genetic material from white blood cell nuclei. He noted it had an acidic nature and he called it nuclein. -
He determined the components of DNA: adenine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribase phosphate defined phosphate-sugar-base units called nucleotides -
Levene proposed that there where four nucleotides per molecule. DNA could not store the genetic code because it was chemically far too simple. -
Griffith discovered bacterial transformation by showing harmless bacteria could become deadly when mixed with heat-killed virulent bacteria. He did not identify the transforming substance. -
They followed the griffith experiment. They demonstrated that DNA, not protein, was the molecule responsible for bacterial transformation. This was strong evidence that DNA is the hereditary material. -
Built an incorrect DNA model with the sugar-phosphate backbone inside. Although wrong, it was their first attempt at modeling DNA. -
Chargaff discovered the "chargaff's rules". Which consists of that the amount of Adenine and Thymine where always in balance and the amount of cytosine and guanine, always in balance. He discovered this by doing some experiments with different living species. At the moment, Erwing did not now the importance of his discovery. He did though, share his discoverments Watson and Crick, giving them a key clue. -
Using bacteriophages labeled with radioactive protein and DNA, they proved that DNA enters cells during infection, not protein. This confirmed DNA is the genetic material. -
He proposed a triple-helix DNA model based on X-ray data. His idea was influential but later proven wrong. -
She captured x-ray images of the b-form of DNA. She figured out how to see the wet form, which is the form that exists in cells. In photo 51, her most famous image clearly shows an x shape in the middle that is the sign of a double helix. Her work was critical for figuring out the correct model. -
Maurice Wilkins got photo 51 from Rosalind's desk in King's College and managed to get it to Watson and Crick in Cambridge. The model builders built the model of DNA based on Rosalind's image. The published this model in Nature. -
Watson and Crick, Wilkins and Stokes, and Franklin and Gosling published three papers, revealing the structure of DNA and providing their support for the helical structure model made by Watson and Crick -
Franklin died at age 37 from ovarian cancer. She was not included in the Nobel Prize awarded later in 1962 to Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, since it is not given to not living people.