Ch. 22 The Age of Nation-States By Sophiemj Period: Jan 1, 1848 to Dec 31, 1848 Year of Revolutions!!! Feb 13, 1848 Francis Joseph becomes emperor of Habsburg emperor (Au, pol) Feb 13, 1854 Crimean War opens (pol, Germany) Feb 13, 1855 Cavour leads Piedmont into the war on the side of France and England (political, Fr, Eng, Italy) Feb 14, 1855 Alexander II becomes tsar (Russia, political) Feb 13, 1856 Treaty of Paris concludes the Crimean War (Germany, pol) Feb 14, 1856 Defeat in Crimean War (Russia, political) Jan 14, 1858 Attempt to assassinate Napoleon III Jul 20, 1858 Secret conference between Napoleon III and Cavour at Plombieres (France, Political) Feb 13, 1859 War of Piedmont and France against Austria (political) Feb 13, 1859 Habsburg defeat by France and Piedmont Feb 13, 1860 Garibaldi lands his forces in Sicily and invades southern Italy Feb 13, 1860 October Diploma (Au, pol) Feb 13, 1861 February Patent (Habsburg, Au) Feb 14, 1861 Serfdom Abolished in Russia- social Mar 17, 1861 Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy!!! (political) Jun 6, 1861 Death of Cavour Feb 13, 1862 Bismarck becomes prime minister of Prussia (political) Feb 14, 1863 Russian suppression of Polish rebellion (political) Feb 13, 1864 Danish War (political, Denmark) Feb 14, 1864 Russia- reorganization of local government Feb 14, 1864 Russia reform of judicial system (political, social) Feb 13, 1865 Convention of Gastein (Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Political) Feb 13, 1866 Austro-Prussian War Feb 13, 1866 Austria cedes Venetia to Italy (political) Feb 13, 1866 Habsburg defeat by Prussia Feb 13, 1867 North German Confederation formed (political) Feb 13, 1867 Compromise between emperor and Hungary, establishing the Dual Monarchy Feb 14, 1867 Second Reform Act (pol, soc, England) Feb 14, 1868 Gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of England (pol) Feb 14, 1869 Disestablishment of the church of Ireland (Eng, Ir, pol, social, religious) Feb 14, 1870 Gladstone's Education Act and first Irish Land Act (Eng, Ir, pol, social) Jul 13, 1870 Bismarck publishes the edited Ems dispatch (Fr, Ger, political) Jul 19, 1870 Crisis over Hohenzollern candidacy for the Spanish throne Jul 19, 1870 France declares war on Prussia Sep 1, 1870 France defeated at Sedan and Napoleon III captured (Fr, Pr, political) Sep 4, 1870 French Republic proclaimed Oct 2, 1870 Italian state annexes Rome (political) Jan 18, 1871 Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles (Ger, Fr, pol) Feb 14, 1871 Purchase of army officers' commissions abolished in England (pol) Feb 14, 1871 Religious tests abolished at oxford and Cambridge (Eng, soc,pol) Period: Mar 28, 1871 to Apr 28, 1871 Paris Commune (Fr, pol, soc) May 23, 1871 Treaty of Frankfurt ratified between France and Germany (Fr, Ger, pol) Feb 14, 1872 Secret ballot act (England, political, social) Feb 13, 1873 Prussian occupation troops depart (Fr, Pr, pol) Feb 13, 1873 Marshal MacMahon elected president of France (political) Feb 14, 1874 Russian Military enlistment period reduced (pol, soc) Feb 14, 1874 Disraeli becomes conservative prime minister of England (political) Feb 13, 1875 Major political institutions of the Third Republic organized (Fr, political) Feb 14, 1875 Disraeli's Public Health Act and Artisan Dwelling Act (England, social, political, econ) Feb 14, 1878 Attempted Assassination of military governor of Saint Petersburg (russia, political) Feb 13, 1879 MacMahon resigns as president of France (political) Feb 14, 1879 Russia- land and Freedom splits (pol, social) Feb 14, 1880 Beginning of Gladstone's second ministry in England (pol) Feb 14, 1881 The People's Will assassinates Alexander II (Russia, pol, social) Feb 14, 1881 Alexander III becomes tsar of Russia (political) Feb 14, 1881 Second Irish Land Act and Irish Coercion Act (Eng, Ir, soc, pol) Feb 14, 1884 Third Reform Act (England, Ir, soc, pol) Feb 14, 1885 Gladstone announces support of Irish home rule (England, Ireland, social, political) Feb 14, 1886 Home Rule Bill defeated and Lord Salisbury becomes the Conservative prime minister of England (political) Feb 14, 1892 Gladstone begins his third ministry in England; second irish Home Rule Bill defeated Feb 13, 1894 Captain Dreyfus convicted (Fr, pol, social) excused 1906 Feb 14, 1894 Nicholas II becomes tsar of Russia (political) Feb 13, 1897 Ordinances giving equality of language between Germans and Czechs in Austria Jan 13, 1898 Emile Zola publishes J'Accuse about Dreyfus Affair (Fr, pol, soc) Feb 14, 1903 Third Irish Land Act (England, social, political) Feb 14, 1907 Universal male suffrage introduced for Austria (social, political) Feb 14, 1912 Third Irish Home Rule Bill PASSED!!! (England, Ireland, soc, pol) Feb 14, 1914 Provisions of irish Home Rule Bill suspended because of the outbreak of World War I :( (Eng, Ireland, soc, pol)