-
Ancient Greek historical account documenting the Greco-Persian Wars -
Early Greek medical texts laying foundations of Western medicine -
Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars -
The widespread capturing and trading of slaves by Vikings
-
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (now Istanbul): the capital of Byzantine Empire -
This is the beginning of Portuguese colonization and slavery in the Americas -
Period of the trafficking of Europeans into slavery and indentured servitude
-
Chardin, a French jewel merchant, wrote his account of his journeys through Persia and India
-
A book accounting a study of ancient Greek and Roman art and architecture -
J.F. Blumenbach’s early racial classification, asserting 5 human varieties -
American Revolution caused this to stop -
A Pseudoscience pulling from the art world: it claimed facial features determine character
-
This created a Link between German and Greek cultures
-
Series of letters depicting life in Colonial America by Michel- Guillaume-Jean de Crèvecoeur -
Christoph Meiners’ work less scholarly, more overtly racist. Uses ancient text, pulling from Tacitus (Roman historian/politician), to prove Whites are superior -
-
This census identifies/recognizes 6 categories:
1) Head of household
2) Free white males over 16
3) Free white males under 16
4) Free white females
5) All other free persons by sex and color
6) Slaves -
Thomas Jefferson’s treatise linking the English language to Anglo-Saxons -
Blumenbach 2.– early figure of scientific racism -
Fixes the undercount of Unfree White Persons -
RACIST “Scion” from South Carolina
Founded University of Alabama School of Medicine -
Prof at Harvard, Headed “Lawrence Scientific School” and founded Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology
Studied historical geology
Founded glaciology -
An influential treatise by Madame de Staël about German’s intellectual legacy -
A popular White-racist owned magazine -
An Abolitionist pamphlet calling for slave revolt by David Walker -
-
RACIST
President of MIT
“Monstrous total of 5 and 1/4 million” immigrants -
-
A collection of essays glorifying masculine English/Saxon racial character -
A book arguing that social problems are hereditary based on the study of one family
Full Title: "The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity" -
Francis Galton’s book “Inquiries into Human Faculties and Its development”: it founded the eugenics movement, pseudo-scientific belief of improving the genetic quality through selective breeding and social policies in favor of Whiteness -
Franz Boas rejects the current racial typologies being propagated, and argued culture, not race, shapes human behavior. Still in favor of Whiteness, however -
Rising racism and anti-immigrant hysteria in the US from 1890-1914 -
Anti-Semitic book glorifying the "Aryan race"
Written by Georges Vacher de Lapouge
Originally published in French “L’Aryen: Son rôle social" -
Book proposing racial classification and hierarchy of Europeans by William Ripley -
Teddy Roosevelt believes in maintaining the “racial purity” of the US, and advocates for preserving the "sturdy American stock” -
Wanted Restriction Policies: Studied immigrants to inform the, -
A play promoting immigrant assimilation into US culture -
Controversial play about Russian Jewish immigrant family– advocates for immigrant assimilation into the American “melting pot”– metaphor of immigrants blending into new American identity, celebrating US as “land for immigrants.” -
-
1914-1918 -
Sociology text linking race to the advancement of societies by Edward Ross -
“Inequality of the Human Resources” by Joseph A. Degobineau was translated into English by Oscar Levy, bringing Gobineau’s racist theories to the US -
SEP began publishing anti-immigrant articles in their magazine when Kennet L Roberts joined -
“The Jew is a race that has no civilization to point to, no aspiring religion, no great achievement in any relm.”– Henry Ford article in The Dearborn Independent -
Eugenics movement is growing -
Racist, anti-immigrant book– immigrants are a threat to white civilization -
Jewish and Italian people are severely restricted immigrating from Europe -
Carly Brigham retracts his own work in “A Study of American Intelligence” -
Book critiquing racial determinism of human behavior– by Ruth Benedict -
Rachel Davis DuBois promoted this educational model asserting cultural diversity in education
-
1939-1945 -
Book debunking biological concept of race by Benedict -
Pamphlet by Benedict, arguing environmental influences on intelligence, disproving foundations of racism -
A legislation made to limit power of labor unions (not a good thing) -
The 1950s– Postwar period started linking status with “White” appearance
Economic prosperity, but toxic changing beauty ideals -
1960s– Civil Rights Movement is on the rise -
For civil rights reinforcement, the US government started collecting more detailed and accurate racial and ethnic data -
The academic study field of Whiteness as a socially constructed identity
-
Eg. Adding Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity